The month of September marks manychanges. For skywatchersit means the passing of the season's trademark Summer Triangle of starsand thearrival of the autumn constellations.
Flying high in the autumn sky isthe mythical winged horsePegasus.
Although one of the largestconstellations in area, itboasts no bright stars. Its most noticeable star pattern is the GreatSquare of Pegasus: four second magnitude stars marking thebody of thehorse. Ironically, the brightest of those stars, Alpheratz, isn't evenanofficial member of the Pegasus constellation, being part of theneighboringconstellation Andromeda.
Thissky map shows some of Septemberconstellations visible in the nightsky, along with the planets Jupiter and Uranus.
The brighteststar in Pegasus isn't part of the Square: it is Enif, theArabic word for "nose."It marks the head of Pegasus, off to the west.
Surrounding Pegasus on three sidesis a strange assortmentcosmic objects named after mythical sea creatures.
To the west of Enif,half way to the star Altair in the constellation Aquila, isDelphinus the Dolphin ? one of the few constellations whichactually resemblesits namesake. Below Pegasus are three of the least prominent members ofthezodiac constellations: Capricornus, Aquarius, and Pisces.
There's not a bright star in thelot.
As you look further south, you cansee Piscis Austrinus,the southern fish, with the only bright star in the region: Fomalhaut.Fomalhaut, which is 25 light-years from Earth, made headlines in 2008as one ofthe first stars to observed to have a planet that was directlyimaged with telescopes.
To the east of Fomalhaut is anotherhuge dimconstellation, Cetus the Whale, with the only other brightish star inthe area,Deneb Kaitos, which means the tail of the whale. Cetus also containsthevariable star Mira. Currently this star is too faint to be visible withthenaked eye, but over the next few months it will start climbing inbrightnessuntil it becomes one of the brightest stars in this constellation.
Normally this sea world is a dimand mysterious place,with only one bright star, Fomalhaut. But this year it is enlivened bya visitfrom the giant planet Jupiter, right on the border between Pisces andAquarius.
With the aid of binoculars or a smalltelescope, you may be able to spot two more planets, Uranusand Neptune.Also located in this area, but far beyond the range of amateurtelescopes, isthe dwarf planet Eris.
Moving slowly through theconstellation Cetus. Eris is aKuiper Belt Object, one of the most recent discoveries in the solarsystem. Itis larger than Pluto and farther from the sun.
Thisarticle was provided to SPACE.com by Starry NightEducation, theleader in space science curriculum solutions.
