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Mars Pathfinder landed on the Red Planet on July 4, 1997. After a successful landing, it deployed the rover Sojourner (center right) which took soil samples and analyzed various rock around the landing site. In this panoramic image, Sojourner analyzes the rock Yogi. Click to enlarge.
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By SPACE.com Staff

posted: 12:01 am ET
04 July 2002

pathfinder_anniversary_020704

This Independence Day marks the fifth anniversary since NASA's Mars Pathfinder, carrying its rover Sojourner, landed on the Red Planet. The probe sent back some of the most memorable pictures ever taken of another planet, including this panoramic view of the Pathfinder landing site.

The image is a color-enhanced and geometrically improved version of the "Gallery Pan," Pathfinder's first 360-degree of its surroundings. Scientists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, which developed and managed the Pathfinder mission, took the panorama using the Imager for Mars (IMP) stereo imaging system.

At the left of the image is a lander petal, as well as a metallic mast that makes up part of the probe's low-gain antenna. The mountain pair "Twin Peaks" is visible about 2 kilometers away on the horizon, with the dark, curved rock "Couch" just to the right. Another lander petal can be seen at just left of center, showing the forward ramp (at left) and rear ramp (on the right) that allowed Sojourner to roll onto the Martian surface on July 5, 1997.

Immediately to the left of the rear ramp is the rock "Barnacle Bill," which researchers thought might be volcanic in origin. Just beyond BarnacleBill are tracks leading to Sojourner, seen here using its Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer tool to study the large rock "Yogi." Low in quartz content, Yogi appeared to be more primitive than Barnacle Bill and closely resembled common basalts found on Earth, JPL scientists said.

The tracks and circular pattern in the area leading up to Yogi were part of Sojourner's soil mechanics experiments, where the rover applied various pressures to its wheels to determine the Martian dirt's physical properties. Deflated air bags can be seen along the perimeter of all three lander petals.

The IMP stood about six feet (1.8 meters) high when fully deployed and could resolve objects as small as two millimeters from 6.5 feet (2 meters) away. It also carried 24 selectable filters, twelve per 'eye,' using its red, green and blue filters over the course of three days to take the panoramic image.

Mars Pathfinder and its Sojourner rover launched in December 1996 and touched down on the Red Planet on July 4, 1997. Pathfinder used a parachute to slow its descent and inflated airbags to bounce to a stop on the surface. The probe sent its last transmission on September 27, 1997, after sending home 16,500 pictures from the lander, 550 from the rover, as well as wind data and numerous rock analyses.

 

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