A
Lockheed Martin Atlas 5 rocket kept its appointment to launch a television
broadcast satellite that will serve million of homes across Europe,
successfully roaring off a Florida launch pad Thursday on the exact minute
scheduled months in advance.
A flawless countdown under
beaming blue skies saw the 19-story rocket fueled with supercold fuel and
readied for its mission to deliver the ASTRA 1KR spacecraft into orbit.
The Atlas program had
amassed an enviable record of perfect launches dating back to 1993. A good
flight Thursday would increase that tally to 79.
And Luxembourg-based
satellite operator SES ASTRA is relying on the satellite to become a critical
replacement in its space network, which provides more than 1,600 television and
radio channels to 107 million households using a fleet of spacecraft.
At 4:27 p.m. EDT (2027
GMT), clocks reached zero and the main engine fired to full throttle. Moments
later, a lone solid-fuel kick motor attached to the rocket's side was ignited
for liftoff from Cape Canaveral's Complex 41.
Never before had an Atlas
flown with such an unusual configuration. Rockets normally fly with either no
strap-on boosters or else multiple ones. But the Atlas 5 vehicle was designed
from its inception with the philosophy of each launch being tailored to the
payload. If a cargo's weight needs the power of only one booster, then that's
how the rocket will be built.
The
solid booster's exhaust nozzle being aligned with the Atlas 5's center of
gravity, coupled with steering control provided by the Russian-made RD-180 main
engine, made Thursday's strange-looking ascent go smoothly. And officials note
flying another solid motor to "even out" the appearance would make
the rocket a bit more expensive and add worry about another part that must
operate properly and then jettison to be successful.
While this was the first
one-solid mission, two of the seven previous Atlas 5 launches flew successfully
with uneven numbers of boosters attached to the first stage, including the
commercial Inmarsat mission a year ago with two boosters strapped to the
rocket's south side and one on the north; and January's New Horizons launch to
Pluto with two on the south and three motors on the north.
The ASTRA 1KR mission was
booked last year to launch on April 20 aboard an Atlas 5-411 rocket version,
which translates to a four-meter nose cone covering the satellite, one solid
rocket booster and a single-engine Centaur. And it was the first time an Atlas
rocket had been picked to launch an ASTRA craft.
As the rocket sailed away
Thursday, the solid booster completed its job and separated. The first stage
fired for four minutes and then jettisoned, too. That left the Centaur to
complete a pair of burns to inject the 9,548-pound satellite into a highly
elliptical geosynchronous transfer orbit. That orbit's perigee, or low point,
was much higher than usual to help save some of ASTRA 1KR's fuel supply,
thereby increasing its life span by about two years.
ASTRA 1KR was released from
the rocket over the Indian Ocean an hour and 48 minutes after liftoff, giving
Atlas its 79th success in a row and sparking celebration back at Cape
Canaveral.
"This
is world's best launch team. Congratulations for another awesome
performance," International Launch Services president Mark Albrecht told
the Atlas team moments after spacecraft deployment.
"We are very proud and
satisfied that the ASTRA 1KR mission has been a success," said Ferdinand
Kayser, president and CEO of SES ASTRA. "The success of the ASTRA 1KR
mission is a milestone in our company history and shows that we have
strengthened the fruitful cooperation with our launch partners, Lockheed Martin
and International Launch Services."
ILS markets the Atlas and
Russian Proton rocket families, and Thursday's mission was the firm's 100th
launch since forming in mid-1995. Ninety-seven of the launches have been
successes; the three failures were Proton flights.
The Lockheed Martin-built
ASTRA 1KR satellite will use an onboard engine over the next week to
circularize its transfer orbit. Once in geostationary orbit, the solar array
and antenna appendages will be deployed and then a week spent testing onboard
systems. Handover of the satellite to operator SES ASTRA is expected around May
5, allowing controllers in Betzdorf, Luxembourg to perform an extensive
checkout of the communications payload and positioning of the craft at its
final orbital slot over the equator at 19.2 degrees East longitude.
Officials
anticipate the satellite will enter commercial service on June 18, beginning a
life of at least 15 years. It will replace the aging ASTRA 1B and ASTRA 1C
spacecraft launched in 1991 and 1993, respectively.
"ASTRA 1KR will
benefit our customers, further strengthen our unique inter-satellite backup
scheme and provide important replacement capacity for our ASTRA 1B and ASTRA 1C
satellites," Kayser said.
ASTRA 1KR was built using
the A2100AX model design. It is equipped with 32 Ku-band transponders to
transmit the programming directly to small receiving dishes on homes across Europe. Each of its transponders can relay 10 to 12 television channels.
Lockheed Martin is
preparing for two more Atlas 5 launches this year, both for the U.S. military. An October 12 liftoff from Cape Canaveral will haul a batch of small spacecraft,
including an experimental project to test in-space refueling of satellites.
That rocket will be the 401 configuration with no solid-fuel motors. The year's
manifest is slated to wrap up November 15 with the first West Coast flight for
Atlas 5 from the refurbished Space Launch Complex 3-East at Vandenberg Air
Force Base. A classified payload for the National Reconnaissance Office will
ride aboard a 411-version rocket configured just like the one launched Thursday.