This story was updated at 1:07 p.m. EDT.
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla.
- A mild toxic leak and a smoke-like smell aboard the International Space
Station (ISS) prompted an afternoon scare for three astronauts aboard the
orbital laboratory, mission managers said Monday.
The station's three-astronaut Expedition
13 crew reported a smoke-like smell in the laboratory's Russian-built
Zvezda service module and initially reported smoke itself, though the emergency
was later traced to a toxic irritant leak used in a primary
oxygen generator.
"Everything is good, everything is
fine," Expedition 13 commander
Pavel Vinogradov told Russian ISS mission controllers in Moscow,
adding that he had contained the apparent leak in a rubber bag. "There is no more
discharge, no more liquid."
"The situation is stable right now,"
Expedition 13 flight engineer Jeffrey
Williams told Mission Control as he worked through the issue during the
station's afternoon shift. "There's an obvious smell. There was never any
smoke."
In addition to Vinogradov - of Russia's
Federal Space Agency - and NASA's Williams, flight engineer Thomas
Reiter of the European Space Agency live aboard the ISS.
The crew tracked the smell to a leak
in the station's Russian-built Elektron
oxygen generator, which separates water into hydrogen and oxygen through
electrolysis, early Monday and shut down the unit at about 7:02 a.m. EDT (1102
GMT), NASA officials said. It was later when Williams clarified his report,
adding that no smoke was immediately apparent.
"We have some sort of a leak, we
don't understand the source yet, but some sort of a leak of potassium hydroxide
(KOH), that's coming out of the [oxygen] vent," NASA ISS program manager Michael
Suffredini said in a briefing, adding that the liquid is classified as a "Tox
2" irritant aboard the station. "It's not a life-threatening material."
But the crew's initial report of
smoke prompted NASA and Russian ISS mission managers to declare a spacecraft
emergency to gain access to communications satellites during the short-lived
crisis, Suffredini said, adding that all ventilation systems shut down aboard
the ISS to prevent the odor from spreading.
At no point did NASA or Russian ISS
mission controllers consider sending the Expedition 13 crew to their Soyuz
lifeboat for either shelter or an emergency undocking, Suffredini said.
NASA spokesperson John Ira Petty
told SPACE.com that the carbon dioxide levels inside the station's
Russian segment were low enough that the crew did not have to don their
emergency gas masks.
But the astronauts did have to wear
gloves and surgical masks to avoid irritation from the potassium hydroxide,
NASA officials said.
The incident should not affect the Sept.
20 docking of a new Soyuz
TMA-9 spacecraft carrying the Expedition
14 relief crew for Vinogradov and Williams, as well as paying
ISS visitor Anousheh Ansari. The trio launched
at 12:09 a.m. EDT (0409 GMT) Monday.
"There's no reason right now that I
know of that we would not have the crew come in and do the crew change-out,"
Suffredini said. "In fact, with the extra crew there, it might be a good time
to do any troubleshooting and [replace and repair] work we think we need to
do."
NASA's space shuttle Atlantis and its
six-astronaut STS-115 crew undocked
from the ISS Sunday after a week of spacewalks and orbital construction to
deliver the $372
million Port 3/Port 4 trusses and solar
arrays to the station.
Space station crews have had difficulties
with the station's Elektron unit in the past, but the current unit has
experienced none of those glitches, Suffredini said, adding that the ISS also
has plenty of oxygen supplies aboard its current Progress
22 supply ship and in storage tanks aboard the station itself.
A spare Elektron unit is onboard, and
would require between one or two days to install if ISS managers decide it is
necessary. Another option is to repair parts of the Elektron system.
"It's about the size of a water
heater," Suffredini said of the Elektron.
Odor explained
ISS flight controllers told Williams
that potassium hydroxide is typically odorless, and that the source of the
alarming smell may be due to a rubber gasket that Vinogradov reported as
damaged by apparent overheating in the Elektron unit.
"I believe that the rubber seal
produced that odor," Vinogradov said, adding that the Elektron appeared to stop
leaking after he shut it off.
While Williams reported no smoke in the space station's main cabin, that gasket itself was seen to be visibly smoking upon inspection, he told
NASA astronaut Shannon Lucid, serving as ISS spacecraft communicator at Johnson Space Center in Houston later.
There were reports of the odor all
the way in the U.S.-built
Destiny laboratory on the opposite end of the ISS from the smell's source
in the Zvezda
module, Suffredini added. Russia's
Zarya control module and the NASA's Unity node bridge
Destiny and Zvezda together.
By 9:05 a.m. EDT (1505 GMT), the
smoke-like smell had dwindled and life aboard the ISS returned to near normal
operating conditions. It should take about 36 hours to completely swap and
scrub the station's entire atmosphere, space station officials said.
"The smell has gone," Williams told Lucid.
"It has decreased significantly."
Vinogradov reported a series of up
to five drops leaked out of the Elektron before it was shut down, followed by
large, three-centimeter globules, all of which he contained in a rubber bag.
The liquid was clear, "like water," Vinogradov said.
The liquid will be discarded in
October aboard the Progress 22. An earlier supply ship, Progress
21, will be jettisoned from its berth at the aft end of the station's
Zvezda module later today and has already been sealed for undocking, Suffredini
said.
In 2002, ISS astronauts were confined to
the Russian segment of the station due to a glitch with the outpost's
U.S.-built Quest airlock. The odor prompted headaches in the station's three
Expedition Four astronauts.
Higher than normal concentrations of
carbon dioxide in the station's Zarya control module may
also have contributed
to some ill effects reported by NASA's STS-96 astronaut crew in 1999.
ISS astronauts are trained to
respond to several types of emergency - both before flight and while in orbit -
including smoke and fires, toxic leaks and rapid decompression, Suffredini
said. Aboard the ISS, station crews hold a monthly fire drill, he added.
Williams later asked flight
controllers to contact the Expedition 13 crew's families to let them know what
had occurred.
"Jeff, we're already working on that
and we're calling Anna-Marie," Lucid told him,
referring to Williams' wife.