SPACE.com -- Camera Works: New Mars Orbiter Images 'Fantastic'

HiRISE took this first test image from orbit on March 24, 2006, from an altitude of 2,489 kilometers (1,547 miles). The scene covers an area 49.8 kilometers (30.9 miles) wide and 23.6 kilometers (11.7 miles) high, of landscape typical of Mars' mid-latitude southern highlands. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona. Click to enlarge.

This view shows a full-resolution portion of the first image of Mars taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment camera (HiRISE) on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The image is of an area in Mars' mid-latitude southern highlands. The smallest objects of discernable shape are about three pixels across. Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona. Click to enlarge.

One of the first images from MRO's HiRISE camera: Craters with parts that look scooped out show strange debris piles in the centers. Craters only 20 feet wide (about 7 meters) are very sharp and clear. Strange channels with various levels of some type of flows are showing up in some images. Credit: NASA/LPL. Click to enlarge.

Sleep is secondary to Dr. Alfred McEwen and his HiRISE team as the scientists anxiously await the camera's first images from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona. Click to enlarge.

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	Camera Works: New Mars Orbiter Images 'Fantastic' By Leonard David Senior Space Writer posted: 24 March 2006 1:36 p.m. ET

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), has relayed spectacular test images using its super-powerful camera leaving mission scientists and engineers more than pleased with the initial imagery.

The views from MRO's High Resolution Imaging Experiment (HiRISE) camera, which has called the most powerful camera ever sent to red planet, reached Earth early Friday.

"The quality of the images is fantastic!" HiRISE principal investigator Alfred McEwen, of the University of Arizona, told SPACE.com. "This demonstrates that both the HiRISE camera and the spacecraft pointing performed superbly."

After the test shots using HiRISE wrap up on Saturday, the camera will be turned off while the spacecraft "aerobrakes" - a technique whereby the MRO spacecraft repeatedly dips into the upper atmosphere more than five hundred times to scrub off speed. By doing so, the spacecraft will drop into successively more circular orbits.

MRO launched on Aug. 12 of last year. It reached Mars and began orbiting the red planet on March 10.

"People have been saying 'oooh' and 'ahhh' a lot while examining the first images," said Loretta McKibben, a spokeswoman for the HiRISE operations at the University of Arizona in Tucson.

MRO quest: persistence of water

The orbiter is hauling an array of science instruments, including a radar device designed to probe the subsurface of Mars for layers of ice, rock and, perhaps, liquid water that might be accessible from the surface.

NASA's MRO is on a quest to find supportive evidence that water persisted on the surface of Mars for a long period of time. While other Mars missions have shown that water flowed across the surface in Mars' history, it remains a mystery whether water was ever around long enough to provide a habitat for life.

Equally happy about HiRISE early images is Jim Graf, Project Manager for MRO at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California.

Earlier, Graf told SPACE.com that other MRO instrumentation will undergo checkout too.

These are the Context Camera (CTX) that provides wide area views of Mars terrain to help scientists appreciate the context for close-up photos, as well as a trial-run of the Mars Color Imager (MARCI) - a weather camera that eyes clouds and dust storms.

Third time's the charm

Another key instrument on MRO is to be turned on later today - the Mars Climate Sounder (MCS). Getting this instrument to the red planet has been tough-going.

The device flew on the ill-fated Mars Observer that was lost just before Mars arrival in August 1993. Then it was onboard the metric-challenged mission of the Mars Climate Orbiter that was lost in September 1999 when one engineering team thought metric while another figured in English units.

Daniel McCleese is the principal investigator for the MCS, a scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California. He told SPACE.com that MCS will be powered on this evening as MRO is near apoapsis - that's the farthest the spacecraft now swings by Mars.

At that time, a brief period of taking test data with MCS is slated. The device will be turned off as MRO nears periapsis - a part of its orbit that brings the probe closest to the red planet early Saturday, McCleese explained.

Checkouts and calibrations

MRO is also flying the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars - CRISM for short. The instrument is another high-tech detective that will help seek traces of past water on the Martian surface.

It isn't grabbing images yet, as its cover is still on. But the testing has gone well, advised Michael Buckley, a spokesman at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland.

The APL-led CRISM team conducted three successful checkouts of the instrument during the cruise to Mars. According to APL's Scott Murchie, the principal investigator for the instrument, the device is working very well.

This summer, the CRISM team will continue planning for the next round of spacecraft checkouts and instrument calibrations -- which begin when MRO's aerobraking phase ends in September -- and refining the software it will use to operate the instrument and collect data.

"In fact, we expect the first data - images -- in mid-September, when the cover is opened," Buckley told SPACE.com.

Following several months of aerobraking to achieve a circular, polar orbit, MRO will begin its primary mission starting in November 2006 and run through November 2008. The primary mission is followed by a communications relay phase, currently planned to run through December 2010.