A European-Chinese space weather mission launched to orbit on Monday night (May 18).
The SMILE spacecraft lifted off atop a Vega C rocket from Europe's Spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana Monday at 11:52 p.m. EDT (0352 GMT and 5:52 a.m. local Kourou time on May 19).
Everything went according to plan: The three-stage Vega C deployed SMILE in a circular orbit 439 miles (707 kilometers) above Earth about 56 minutes after liftoff.
SMILE (short for Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer) will use four science instruments to study how Earth is affected by the solar wind, the flow of charged particles streaming constantly from the sun.
"In doing so, SMILE will improve our understanding of solar storms, geomagnetic storms and the science of space weather," European Space Agency (ESA) officials wrote in a mission description.
The Chinese Academy of Sciences is responsible for SMILE's satellite platform, spacecraft operations and three of the four science instruments — the Ultraviolet Imager (UVI), the Light Ion Analyser (LIA) and the Magnetometer (MAG).
ESA provided SMILE's payload module, the other science instrument (the Soft X-ray Imager, or SXI), the rocket and assembly and testing integration and services. The agency also contributed to the UVI instrument and will help with operations in orbit, according to ESA's mission description.
SMILE can't start doing its science work just yet. It will conduct 11 engine burns over the next 25 days, changing its orbit to a highly elliptical one that takes it 75,185 miles (121,000 km) above the North Pole and 3,107 miles (5,000 km) above the South Pole.
After that, the mission team will perform a number of checkouts to make sure SMILE and its instruments are working properly.
"About three months after launch, the team will receive the first X-ray and ultraviolet images, and then finally begin the science that SMILE is designed to do. The planned mission lifetime is three years," ESA officials wrote in the mission description.
The 115-foot-tall (35 meters) Vega C, which was developed by ESA, debuted in July 2022. It now has seven flights under its belt to date, six of them successful. Monday's launch was the first Vega C mission operated by the Italian company Avio; the others were managed by France-based Arianespace.
Editor's note: This story was updated at 12:45 a.m. ET on May 19 with news of successful launch, then again at 12:55 a.m. ET with news of satellite deployment.
