WASHINGTON — NASA now has the legal ability to conclude a
new deal with Russia for the three-person Soyuz vehicles it will need to ensure
U.S., Canadian, European and Japanese astronauts can fly to the International Space
Station beyond 2011.
The permission to move ahead with a new deal with Russia was included in a massive temporary spending measure U.S. President George
W. Bush signed into law Sept. 30 to keep the government operating at current
spending levels until March.
NASA
has been prevented from negotiating a
new Soyuz deal by a 2000 weapons proliferation law that bars buying space
station-related goods and services from Russia so long as its aerospace
companies continue to aid Iran.
While
the U.S. Congress granted NASA temporary relief from the Iran-North Korea-Syria
Nonproliferation Act (INKSNA) in 2005, that only cleared the way for NASA to
conclude a $700 million-plus deal with Russia for periodic Soyuz and unmanned
Progress re-supply flights to the International Space Station through 2011.
With
the U.S. space shuttle due to retire in 2010 and its NASA-designed successor,
the Orion
Crew Exploration Vehicle and Ares I rocket due to enter service before
2015, NASA officials have been pressing U.S. lawmakers all year to grant a new
waiver.
Attempts
to amend INKSNA through a stand-alone bill that would have limited NASA's
post-2011 Russian spacecraft purchases to crewed Soyuz vehicles faltered after
Russia invaded neighboring Georgia in August. Shortly after the invasion, the
bill's main congressional proponent, U.S. Sen. Bill Nelson (D-Fla.) declared
chances of passage all but dead.
A
series of last minute developments, however, combined to help win NASA the
Soyuz waiver agency officials argued
it desperately needed if the United States wished to continue to use the
$100 billion space station beyond 2011. On Sept. 22, the INKSNA issue was given
new prominence when Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama, a senator
from Illinois, wrote House and Senate leadership urging passage. The next day,
the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, normally chaired by Obama's running
mate Sen. Joseph Biden of Delaware, approved the International Space Station
Payment Act of 2008 (S. 3103), clearing the bill for the full Senate's
approval.
That
particular bill, which would have limited NASA's authority to buy Soyuz
vehicles, went no further. Instead a simple extension of the current waiver was
included in a massive temporary spending measure, known as a continuing
resolution, that the House of Representatives passed Sept. 24 by a vote of
370-58. The Senate followed suit Sept. 27, clearing the way for the
Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance and Continuing Appropriations Act
for 2009 (H.R. 2638) to be signed into law by Bush.
In
addition to permitting NASA to buy Soyuz and Progress spacecraft through 2016,
the bill also keeps most federal agencies funded at their 2008 levels for the
first five months of the new budget year, which began Oct. 1.
NASA
officials have been bracing for months for having to get buy without a budget
increase for all or part of 2009. NASA's 2008 budget was $17.3 billion.
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