The
European Space Agency (ESA) will partner with Russian researchers to lock a
crew of six people in metal tubes for a simulated trip to Mars.
Known as
Mars500, the
simulated space mission will take place in an isolation facility in Russia,
allowing organizers to study the difficulties presented by such a lengthy
spaceflight. The participants, selected from a pool of volunteers, will attempt
to re-create all elements of an actual mission, including launch, an outboard
journey, a research trip to the planet's surface, and the return trip--all of
which will take 500 days.
Locked
inside the research station, the crew will have to deal with limitations such
as a carefully portioned food supply, 20-minute delays in communication, and
simulated emergencies, with the further possibility of real medical emergencies
arising.
The study,
organized by the Russian Institute for Biomedical Problems (IBMP), will now
include experiments being sought out by the ESA for the participants to carry
out during their extended period of sequestration. The ESA will be a full partner in
the project, with major funding from Russia's
Federal Space Agency, and significant involvement by the Russian Academy
of Sciences.
The
spaceship mock-up will include areas for research, medicine, living, and a
kitchen, having a total area of 200 square meters, connected only by narrow
passages. Further, a special tank will be provided to represent a descent
vehicle for travel to the Martian surface.
The six
participants, who will be away from home and family for over one-and-a-half
years, will be drawn from volunteers in the general populace. They are
expected to possess medical, engineering, and scientific qualifications,
although physical characteristics might be less emphasized for this project.
Marc Heppener, ESA scientist, describes the ESA's
interest in joining the experiment in an ESA interview: "Our main interest
is to look at the psychology of such a mission, knowing that you are enclosed
for 500 days. As soon as there is a problem, the crew knows that they are on
their own, and they have to solve it themselves. The only help available from
the outside is through communications which may take up to 40 minutes...There
will be one person amongst the crew with real medical training. But of course
that person can also fall ill. So you have to have all kinds of back-up
scenarios."
The
potential for scientific research during the mock mission are numerous,
according to Heppener: "We have a first draft list of the kind of science we
are looking for...the influence of confinement on sleep, mood and mental health,
and the effect of differences in personality, cultural background and
motivation. But also on the medical side - physiological adaptation to an
isolated environment, stress effects on health and well-being, changes in the
immune system." The ESA will simultaneously consider proposals for similar
research at the Concordia Antarctic research station, which offers a
contrasting stark environment.
When asked if Mars500 might be compared to a reality TV
show, Heppener replied, "[They] both look at
interaction between people in all kinds of different situations. If you want
there is even a prize at the end - not in the simulation - but if it is a real
mission you will be the first person to walk on the surface of Mars, which is
huge prize! The
comparison comes to a very sharp dead-end though - we will do a serious science
experiment."
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