An
experimental U.S. military project to test whether the advanced technologies
embedded in two miniature satellites and a new upper stage kick motor can
operate through the rigors of spaceflight will launch into orbit Wednesday
evening from Cape Canaveral aboard a Boeing Delta 2 rocket.
The Micro-Satellite
Technology Experiment, or MiTEx for short, is slated for liftoff at 5:34 p.m.
EDT (2134 GMT). A four-hour launch window is available through 9:34 p.m. EDT
(0134 GMT).
"MiTEx will
investigate and demonstrate advanced space technologies such as lightweight
power and propulsion systems, avionics and spacecraft structures;
commercial-off-the-shelf processors; affordable, responsive
fabrication/build-to-launch techniques; and single-string components,"
DARPA officials explained in mission information provided to Spaceflight Now.
The 12-story rocket will
roar away from pad A of Complex 17 with its main engine and six strap-on
boosters firing to create 789,000 pounds of thrust. A minute later, the three
remaining solid-fuel boosters will light as the six ground-lit motors burn out
and fall away.
Heading eastward across the
Atlantic, the blue and white Delta will leave a smoky contrail from the solid
boosters until the final three are extinguished just over two minutes into
flight and separate more than 30 miles above the ocean.
That will leave the RS-27A
first stage engine, consuming refined kerosene and supercold liquid oxygen, to
push the rocket onward for another two minutes to an altitude of 70 miles (112
kilometers) before shutting down. The spent stage then jettisons, allowing the
hypergolic-fueled second stage to ignite.
Moments later, the
two-piece nose cone that shrouded the payload during ascent through the
atmosphere is commanded to spring open and separate.
The second stage engine
will deliver the rocket into an initial orbit with a high point of 154 statute
miles (247 kilometers) and low point of 103 miles (165 kilometers) when
it shuts down at T+plus 10 minutes, 22 seconds after liftoff.
The vehicle will coast in
that orbit for 12 minutes before the engine is re-started for a 73-second burn
to reach an intermediate orbit with a high point of 1,380 statute miles (2,220
kilometers) and low point of 105 miles (168 kilometers). Tiny thrusters on the
side of the rocket then spin up the third stage in preparation for separation.
The two stages split at T+plus 23 minutes, 31 seconds, followed 37 seconds
later by ignition of the solid-fuel third stage for its 86-second burn.
The
third stage targets a highly elliptical geosynchronous transfer orbit with a
high point of 22,490 statute miles (36 194 kilometers), low point of 115 miles
(185 kilometers) and inclination of 25.24 degrees to the equator.
At T+plus 30 minutes and 24
seconds while cruising 375 miles (603 kilometers) above south-central Africa,
the third stage releases from the MiTEx upper stage with its still-attached
satellites. That will complete the Delta 2 rocket's role in the MiTEx mission.
The Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is spearheading the MiTEx effort to evaluate
the usefulness of small satellite technologies and the prototype upper stage to
support future military programs.
But before the two
satellites can begin their year-long missions, the stage has to place the craft
into the intended orbit.
Developed by the U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory, the experimental motor will put several new technologies
to the test including:
- Platinum/rhodium
bi-propellant attitude control thrusters
- High-performance
coated columbium delta-V thruster
- Commercial
off-the-shelf manual valve tested to aerospace standards
- Light-weight
Inconel-718 composite overwrap pressure vessels
- Lightweight
titanium propellant tanks with internal propellant management devices
- Triple
junction solar cells
- Lithium-ion
batteries
- A
low-cost/high-performance star tracker
The stage will ferry the
two MiTEx satellites from the egg-shaped geosynchronous transfer orbit reached
by the Delta 2 rocket to the circular geostationary orbit 22,300 miles (35,888
kilometers) above the equator. That high orbit allows spacecraft to match the
planet's rotation and appear fixed over one location.
Once arriving in
geostationary orbit, the satellite pair will be deployed from the stage to
begin independent lives examining the value of operating miniature craft from
such a high vantage point above Earth. The demonstration will give military
planners real-life experience to draw upon when designing new projects.
The MiTEx spacecraft weigh
about 500 pounds (226 kilograms) each. Orbital Sciences built one satellite and
Lockheed Martin the other.
"The satellites will
conduct a variety of experiments in autonomous operations and maneuvering and
station-keeping. MiTEx will also demonstrate the ability to launch multiple
small satellites into GEO orbit," according to DARPA officials.
Geostationary orbit is the
home to government and commercial communications satellites, plus spy
spacecraft for eavesdropping reconnaissance missions and missile-launch
detection.
The price tag for MiTEx has
not been released. And the exact parking spots in geostationary orbit for the
two spacecraft aren't being revealed.
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