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The NASA-led Planeterrella showing how the northern lights, or aurora, work. Earth aurora are typically green because of how they react with oxygen molecules in the atmosphere. Credit: Guillaume Gronoff |
The glowing colors and dancing lines of the Northern Lights could soon appear inside an educational institution near you.
A small device called Planeterrella bottles all the ingredients needed for the naturally occurring lights show — a magnetic field, a sphere and charged particles — and creates a mini version of the auroras inside.
The concept, which was imported from Europe, will be on display at the Virginia Air and Space Center in a few months. Another device will travel from classroom to classroom. [See video of aurora lights in "virtual real time"]
In addition to offering a Northern Lights display, Planeterrella can also, in limited form, show the differences between aurora on different planets.
Where charged particles collide
Auroras are common on planets with magnetic fields, such as Earth. Particles streaming from the sun hit Earth's magnetic field lines and travel to the magnetic north and south poles. As the particles brush with Earth's upper atmosphere, they excite atoms of nitrogen, oxygen and other gases and cause the lights.
These dancing lights have also been spotted on other planets in the solar system, including Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Other processes could also contribute to the aurora; on Saturn, for example, some researchers say a rain of particles from its ring could help light up the skies.
Planeterrella works to capture this process in miniature. Its European creators drew inspiration from a 19th century experiment called Terrella, which showed how charged particles glow when they hit a magnetic field. Planeterrella includes several spheres to better recreate how auroras wrap around Earth's poles.
Research limitations
Credit: Guillaume Gronoff
The machine, said lead researcher Guillaume Gronoff in a statement, is intended to illustrate the differences in how aurora are generated at different planets.
"The Planeterrella allows us to create analogies with existing processes, like the aurora at Mars, which do not have a global magnetic field, but several localized magnetic fields, or Uranus and Neptune, when the magnetic fields of those planets point towards the sun,” said Gronoff, who is a research scientist at NASA Langley Research Center in Virginia.
The experiment is not a perfect recreation, however, as it does not show the whole picture.
"For example, there are various gases on each planet that can create different color effects within auroras," NASA scientists said in a statement. "Gronoff is planning on incorporating this variable using a few extra magnets and some carbon dioxide to simulate the aurora at Mars."
Planeterrella's creator was Gronoff's Ph.D. advisor, Jean Lilensten. Lilsensten is from the Centre national de la recherche scientifique and the Institut de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble in France.
Follow Elizabeth Howell @howellspace, or SPACE.com @Spacedotcom. We're also on Facebookand Google+. Original article on SPACE.com.
