Each of the
seven NASA astronauts set to launch to the Hubble Space Telescope next week has
a favorite view of the universe courtesy of the long-lived observatory, adding
some extra motivation to their vital orbital repair mission.
Veteran
commander Scott Altman and his crew are poised to rocket toward Hubble on May
11 aboard the space shuttle Atlantis to overhaul the iconic telescope for the
fifth and final time. If all goes well, the tricky 11-day mission – which
includes five back-to-back spacewalks and some unprecedented repairs – will
extend Hubble's cosmic scan
of the universe through at least 2014.
"I remember
when I was a kid going outside and looking up at the stars and going, 'Wow, I
wonder what's out there,'" Altman said in NASA interview. "Hubble is a tool
that can take you out there to those distant galaxies, those pictures that come
back ... I think it connects with people on a very visceral level."
Since its
launch in 1990, Hubble has collected more than 880,000 observations and taken
over 570,000 images of about 29,000 celestial objects in the universe. Altman
and his crew took some time recently to review their all-time favorite images
from Hubble's ongoing mission to peer into the cosmos:
Of Mice
and astronauts
Of the mountain
of images beamed to Earth by Hubble, Altman holds the telescope's
view of two colliding juggernauts - nicknamed the "Mice galaxies" - as his
personal favorite.
Taken in
2002 just after Altman led NASA's most recent Hubble servicing mission STS-109, the
image shows the two galaxies - each sporting a long tail (hence the nickname) -
as they close in on one another some 300 million light-years from Earth in the
constellation Coma Berenices, or Berenice's Hair.
"Just
thinking about that being out there amazes me," Altman said, adding that behind
the two colliding galaxies are some 1,500 other distant galaxies, each with a
billion or so stars. "You start thinking, this is a soda straw slice of the
night sky with a number that's huger than I can really comprehend of other
galaxies with billions of stars in each one of them. And I'm saying, wow, this
is a big place we live in."
Hubble used
its then-new Advanced Camera for Surveys, which is now in need of repair, to
take the snapshot.
Gaze of
the Cat's Eye
Hubble's
stellar views of the Cat's Eye nebula, a distant planetary nebula first spotted
by the telescope in 1994, take center stage for Atlantis pilot Gregory C.
Johnson.
"Obviously
we launched Hubble in 1990, we fixed its optics in '93 and in 1994 they found
this nebula outside of our galaxy," Johnson said. "The picture is just
astounding."
The Cat's
Eye nebula is also known as NGC 6543 and sits about 3,000 light-years from
Earth in the constellation Draco. The nebula's concentric rings are the result
of eruptions of mass ejected away from its central star every 1,500 years or
so.
An image
unseen
For U.S.
Air Force Col. Michael Good, part of the four-man spacewalking team that will
perform the upcoming Hubble repairs, the pinnacle of the telescope's cosmic
vision used to be the Ultra Deep Field.
Compiled
over the course of 400 orbits between September 2003 and January 2004, the
Ultra Deep Field is a portrait of some 10,000 galaxies in a patch of sky in the
constellation Fornax. The image revealed galaxies that emerged just 700 million
years after the theoretical Big Bang.
"It's
probably not the most beautiful image out there," said Good, who added they it
was what the image represented that struck him. "To literally be looking at the
first light of the universe, I think that's a pretty interesting and pretty
amazing capability."
But as
launch day nears, Good said recently that he has a new top pick for Hubble's
finest.
"My answer
now is going to be the next image. The next image we get from the telescope
after we leave," Good told reporters in a recent briefing. "That'll be my
favorite."
The
Hubble library
Shuttle
robotic arm expert Megan McArthur, who will use Atlantis' robotic appendage to
pluck Hubble from its orbit so it can be fixed, has said she's also fond of the
telescope's views of the Ultra Deep Field and the Cat's Eye nebula.
But the
sheer wealth of data and imagery collected by the telescope's camera eye over
the last 19 years is much
richer than a single snapshot, she added.
"I think
that, in general, almost every picture I see is my favorite," she told
reporters recently. "They're all just awe-inspiring to me. I really can't pick
just a single one."
Tadpoles
in space
Hubble's
spacewalk repair chief John Grunsfeld, a self-labeled "Hubble hugger making his
fifth spaceflight and third trip to the telescope, said the image closest to
his heart is a 2002 snapshot of a pair of galaxies caught in the act of
colliding.
The image depicts
the Tadpole galaxy, known as UGC 10214, which Hubble spotted after it had been
walloped by a smaller galaxy that gave it a trademark tail that stretches
280,000 light-years away from the collision. The image was one of the first
released after Hubble's 2002 service call, which Grunsfeld also flew on.
"That was
one of the first released images after we put the Advanced Camera for Surveys
in on our last mission," said Grunsfeld, who will perform three of the five
spacewalks to upgrade Hubble this month. "I'm looking forward to the early
release images from this mission."
The cone
of success
Veteran Hubble
spacewalker and repairman Michael Massimino has tapped the Cone Nebula as his
choice for the space telescope's greatest hit. Like the Mice galaxies and the
Tadpole galaxy, it was among the first images following Hubble's STS-109
servicing flight in 2002, which Massimino participated in with Grunsfeld and
Altman.
The Cone
Nebula, or NGC 2264, sits about 2,500 light-years from Earth in the
constellation Monoceros and earned its nickname from its conical appearance in
ground-based images. The nebula is vast, stretching across 7 light-years in
length, but the Hubble image released in 2002 revealed
only its upper 2.5 light-years.
"I liked it
because it was beautiful, but also because we put the camera in correctly,"
Massimino said in a recent briefing. "It all worked and we didn't break
anything, and that was our final validation that the job we did on STS-109 was
a good one."
Hubble's
birthday snapshot
Until
recently, first-time spaceflyer Andrew Feustel said that visions of the Eskimo
and Ant nebulae were his favorite views from Hubble. But that changed last
month when NASA unveiled the Cosmic Fountain, a new image from the
observatory's Wide Field Camera 2 to celebrate the telescope's 19th birthday.
The image
revealed three interacting galaxies that resulted in a fountain-like object
dubbed Arp 194. It sits about 600 million light-years from Earth in the
constellation Cepheus.
Feustel
said he was so impressed by the image, which resembles a cosmic question mark
or fountain, he immediately set it as the desktop wallpaper for his computer.
"It's
pretty spectacular and I think it's Hubble's way of asking us what's next,"
Feustel said. "I'm curious to see what's next as well."