KENNEDY
SPACE CENTER, Florida
-- The future of human space transportation, not only into Earth orbit, but
also back to the Moon and onto Mars, kick-started this week as NASA received
contractor proposals for the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV).
A glimpse into one concept -- provided by Lockheed Martin
Space Systems near Denver, Colorado - shows a lifting body craft that
can be outfitted for lunar as well as Mars operations.
"Basically what we came down on was the side of safety for
the crew in making our decision to go with a lifting body," said Patrick McKenzie, CEV Business
Development Manager at Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company.
Additionally, the design of the basic vehicle would allow it
to be utilized to support near-term human expeditions to the Moon, as well as
Mars in the future, McKenzie
told SPACE.com in a phone interview.
Lifting
body approach
McKenzie
said the lifting body design was preferred over a capsule for several reasons.
For one, that approach allows more cross-range
maneuverability, thus the craft can touchdown on land versus water. Secondly, a
lifting body can lessen the g-loads on returning crews from long-duration space
stints, McKenzie said.
Whether they are lengthy stays in Earth orbit, a prolonged mission
on the Moon, or the round-trip trauma on the human body from a Mars mission -
the lifting body approach helps to minimize the g-forces on crew members, McKenzie noted.
Titanium
shell
As part of a flight test program, McKenzie said that an unpiloted,
full-scale version of the front-end of the company's CEV design -- a rescue
module -- would be flown to verify the safety elements of getting a crew back
under a wide-range of circumstances. That would take place in 2008.
One feature of the company's CEV design -- along with the
firm's teammates -- is use of a titanium shell, along with two layers of
thermal protection materials.
"Even in the highly unlikely circumstance that you might
have a burn through of the outer thermal protection system, the crew
compartment inside would maintain its integrity and that burn through would not
end up being a fatal situation for the crew," McKenzie said.
Mars
ready
McKenzie
emphasized that the first mission for a CEV is returning to low Earth orbit.
"But it makes sense to make sure that the vehicle that you're
developing this first go-round is going to be lunar capable," he added, with
the firm's engineers also looking into how the concept could be made Mars
ready.
"We're attempting to the best extent possible to build in
modularity into our systems and maintainability and ease of operations...so as
new technologies and new capabilities are developed over the next 10 to 15 to
20 years, we'll be able to take advantage of those without having to totally
redesign a new vehicle," McKenzie
said.
McKenzie
said that Lockheed Martin stands ready to work with NASA to help realize a
stated objective of incoming NASA chief, Michael Griffin - to try and close the
gap between shutdown of the shuttle in 2010 and operating a piloted CEV in
2014.
Furthermore,
use of the CEV to support the International Space Station is on the table.
"Our CEV will certainly be capable of servicing station," McKenzie stated,
but the company's proposal did not address that use as a key top requirement.
This prospect would receive a thorough look early in the execution of a CEV
program if the firm is selected, he said.
NASA has announced in the past the plan to award two teams
CEV work this September.
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