MOJAVE, California -- Nobody can claim that Burt
Rutan, the innovative aerospace designer, doesn't have his head in the
clouds...and his eyes focused on the stars.
Fresh from success of nudging the
piloted SpaceShipOne's nose to record-setting heights and capturing the $10 million
Ansari X Prize, Rutan and his team at Scaled Composites have clearly set their
sights on far loftier goals.
One gets the feeling that in restricted niches of the
Mojave Spaceport here, work is already underway on bigger and better spaceships.
Asked directly about that prospect, Rutan is quick with a "no comment" that
comes wrapped in a guarded smile.
"You think this is cool?" Rutan asked, pointing to the freshly
flown SpaceShipOne. "Wait 'til you see SpaceShipTwo ... it is erotic," he
added, alluding to the smooth lines of a craft that would seem tangible and
touchable - not a minds-eye image of vaporware.
In an exclusive interview with
SPACE.com the day after his design won
the X Prize, Rutan discussed his passion for making the space frontier
accessible to the public.
Simplicity of design
Standing in Scaled Composite's hangar alongside
his creation, Rutan examined the spacecraft. It looks fresh and ready
for flight; no worse the wear from its high-speed, back-to-back suborbital
jaunts.
"Any damage is actually kind of hard to find," Rutan
said. A slight charring in a couple of spots on the vessel is all that's
visible. "You're hard pressed to find anything else."
Thermal protection is not an issue for suborbital
space tourism, Rutan said. "We got to 3.3 Mach number, but we only go there
momentarily. We don't sit there for about an hour like the SR-71 does,"
recounting the abilities of the super-fast military reconnaissance
aircraft.
Looking into the hybrid rocket motor area of
SpaceShipOne, Rutan underscores the simplicity of the power plant's
design.
"The fewer things you have that can leak or can fail
in a rocket motor the fewer problems you have," is a Rutan rule of
thumb.
Similarly, there's the plumbing of the craft,
pneumatic cylinders and valves to control the large movable tail section rather
than using electrical systems. Like your garden hose under pressure, a turn of
the valve and water is definitely going to come out, Rutan said. "It's just that
reliable."
Tomorrowland upbringing
On any number of topics -- be it NASA, large
aerospace contractors, or inept television reporters -- Rutan has an opinion,
mischievously taking out a handmade ear from his shirt pocket and casually
slipping it on.
Wording on the false ear speaks volumes: "Bull****
Deflector".
Time traveling back to when he was 12 years of age,
Rutan recalls a seminal moment that triggered his yearning about space
travel.
In 1955, Walt Disney took television viewers into
Tomorrowland - a series of Disneyland presentations that included rocket genius
Wernher von Braun detailing space travel in matter-of-fact prose. Those TV shows
also talked about floating in weightlessness, lunar exploration, as well as the
potential for life on Mars.
"It influenced my life like you wouldn't believe,"
Rutan recalled. Those television airings came before Sputnik in 1957, the
selection of America's first astronaut corps, and the flight of the Soviet
Union's Yuri Gagarin - the first human into Earth orbit.
"And we're sitting there amazed throughout the 1960s.
We were amazed because our country was going from Walt Disney and von Braun
talking about it...all the way to a plan to land a man on the
Moon...Wow!"
The right to dream
But as a kid back then, Rutan continued, the right to
dream of going to the Moon or into space was reserved for only "professional
astronauts" - an enormously dangerous and expensive undertaking.
Over the decades, Rutan said, despite the promise of
the Space Shuttle to lower costs of getting to space, a kid's hope of personal
access to space in their lifetime remained in limbo.
"Look at the progress in 25 years of trying to
replace the mistake of the shuttle. It's more expensive...not less...a horrible
mistake," Rutan said. "They knew it right away. And they've spent
billions...arguably nearly $100 billion over all these years trying to sort out
how to correct that mistake...trying to solve the problem of access to space. The
problem is...it's the government trying to do it."
Forecast of things to
come
The flights of SpaceShipOne, Rutan said, permit a
forecast of things to come.
"I predict in five or six years, the average kid is
no longer just hoping and dreaming that he'll go to space. He knows he will.
He'll at least take one of these suborbital flights that are flying every other
day or every day here at Mojave," Rutan stated. While initially expensive,
flights into space will drop in price over time, he added.
"And I predict that within 10 years from now, maybe
12 years, kids will know that they will go to orbit in their lifetime. They will
know they will...not just dream and hope," Rutan explained.
IBM mentality
Turning his attention to the larger aerospace firms
like Boeing and Lockheed Martin that offer pricey lines of boosters, Rutan
offers free advice.
"They are thinking SpaceShipOne is a toy," Rutan
said. That assumption is akin to the mentality of IBM in 1975. At that time,
they believed people aren't going to have cheap computers. Computers are main
frames and they have to be complex and very specialized. That was the view of
IBM, he pointed out.
"IBM didn't know in 1975 that they were going to
build $700 dollar computers for people and that they were going to build them by
the tens of thousands. But then came Apple," Rutan said, "and they had
to."
That being the case, Rutan made another prediction:
"Lockheed and Boeing will be making very low-cost access to space hardware
within 20 years. They just don't know it yet...because they're going to have
to."
Thousands of probes
Rutan said that an upshot of public space travel is
the creation of far less expensive boosters in order to satisfy growing numbers
of customers.
That development -- coupled with advances in
computers and sensors - will enable thousands of probes to be launched that
flood the solar system 25 years from now, Rutan said.
"You'll be able to do a lot more exploration if you
send thousands. And it'll be cheap because the boosters were developed because
people can't afford to spend too much to get into orbit," Rutan
concluded.
"I could be wrong...but these are the things that keep
me up nights."