The final Lockheed Martin
Titan 4 rocket to launch from Cape Canaveral will soar up the U.S. eastern
seaboard Friday night carrying a mysterious military payload.
Clogs in launch pad fuel
lines caused by corrosion put a hold on the launch in early April, forcing
technicians to replace a pump and install additional filters to overcome the
problem. At last, the nitrogen tetroxide was loaded into the booster's first and
second stages on Sunday and Monday to clear the way for this week's liftoff.
Launch from Complex 40 will
happen sometime between 8:00 and 10:30 p.m. EDT (0000-0230 GMT), beginning a
9-minute, 30-second ascent to deliver the secret spy satellite payload into
Earth orbit for the U.S. National Reconnaissance Office.
The exact target launch
time remains under wraps.
Air Force weather
forecasters predict better than a 90 percent chance of acceptable conditions
for launch with only a slight possibility of coast showers. The outlook
predicts a few clouds at 3,000 feet and scattered at 28,000 feet, good
visibility, southeasterly winds at 10 gusting to 15 knots and a temperature of
70 to 72 degrees F.
Unlike virtually all past
Titan 4s flown from the Cape that were fitted with Inertial Upper Stages or
Centaurs, this $411 million rocket has no upper stage.
But Titan 4s lacking such
an additional kick motor are typical for missions launched from Vandenberg Air
Force Base, California. And, in fact, the Pentagon acknowledges moving this
mission from the West Coast to Cape Canaveral about two years ago.
Given the classified nature
of the payload, officials will not comment on the satellite's purpose or the
exact orbit it is destined to occupy.
Space watchers have speculated
that the clandestine cargo nestled inside the rocket's 66-foot long nose cone
could be the fifth in a series of radar imaging spacecraft, commonly called
LACROSSE.
The sophisticated
intelligence-gathering craft probably use a synthetic aperture radar system to
observe strategic targets around the globe in both daylight and darkness from
orbital perches 420 miles above Earth. The eyes-in-the-sky can pierce clouds,
detect objects a few feet across and even reveal underground structures like
military bunkers.
These satellites have been
launched from the Cape aboard shuttle Atlantis in 1988 and from Vandenberg on
three unmanned Titan 4s in 1991, 1997 and 2000.
The first and third
satellites were placed into 57-degree inclination orbits, which means the craft
fly as far north and south of the equator as 57 degrees latitude. The second
and fourth LACROSSEs were placed into 68-degree orbits to cover more of the
planet.
Although the targeted
inclination for Friday's launch has not been disclosed, hazard warnings issued
to mariners and Canadian oil platforms confirm the Titan 4 is headed up the
Atlantic seaboard.
"The northeast
trajectory will result in a quasi 60-degree orbital inclination, similar to
those of the LACROSSEs," said Ted Molczan, an experienced and respected
hobbyist satellite observer from Toronto, Canada. "LACROSSE was the only
Vandenberg Titan 4 payload to combine a quasi 60-degree orbital inclination and
a 66-foot fairing."
There are other
possibilities for the payload's identity. Two of 26 previous Titan 4s from the
Cape featured no upper stages and flew into high inclination orbits, but those
flights in 1990 and 1996 lofted ocean surveillance and data relay satellite
cargos not thought to be strong candidates for Friday's launch.
"Both missions
followed trajectories similar to the upcoming launch, but their payloads have
long since been replaced by newer generations, which employed Atlas 2 and 3
boosters," Molczan noted.
Space experts are relying
on hobbyists watching the skies to spot the new object following launch to
determine what the Titan 4 has really carried aloft.
This liftoff ends the Titan
era at Cape Canaveral after five decades of flights, including Titan 1
missiles, Titan 2 boosters launching Gemini astronauts, Titan 3s with Viking
and Voyager, Titan 34D carrying critical military satellites and the past 16
years of Titan 4.
Vandenberg hosts the final
Titan 4 launch in July when another hush-hush payload is deployed for the NRO.
The satellite will be shrouded inside a "modified version of a standard
Titan 76-foot payload fairing," according to the Air Force. Such a nose
cone has never been used on the previous 11 Titan 4s from the West Coast.
The Titan name is fading
into history as the Atlas 5 and Delta 4 rocket families in the Evolved
Expendable Launch Vehicle program provide the U.S. government's primary
heavy-lifting needs for the foreseeable future.