Updated 5:40
p.m. ET
NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander has confirmed the
existence of water ice on Mars.
Mission scientists celebrated the news after a sample of the
ice was finally delivered to one of the lander's instruments. Phoenix's mission has also officially been
extended for one month beyond its original mission, NASA announced today at a
briefing at the University
of Arizona
at Tucson, where mission
control is currently based.
"I'm very happy to announce that we've gotten an
ice sample," said the University
of Arizona's
William Boynton, co-investigator for Phoenix's
Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer (TEGA), which heats up samples and analyzes
the vapors they give off to determine their composition.
"We have water," Boynton added. "We've
seen evidence for this water ice before in observations by the Mars Odyssey
orbiter and in disappearing chunks observed by Phoenix
last month, but this is the first time Martian water has been touched and
tasted."
The news that ice had fallen into TEGA came on
Thursday morning, surprising scientists who had run into problems delivering a
sample of the icy dirt because of its unexpected
stickiness.
"There were champagne corks popping in the
downlink room," Boynton said. "It's something we've been waiting a
long time for."
Wicked Witch
When scientists tried to deliver samples of icy dirt
scraped up from the Snow White trench and deliver it to TEGA last week, the
sample stuck to the scoop of Phoenix's
robotic arm, with only a few tiny pieces of ice falling onto the oven screen.
Scientists decided to deliver a second sample of dry dirt to the oven while
they revised their sample delivery method.
The dry sample was scooped up and delivery to the
oven was confirmed yesterday. When scientists began heating up the sample, the
signal confirmed that "we got a little bit of ice mixed in with this
sample," Boynton said.
Scientists could detect the water ice in the sample
because when water begins to melt, more heat is needed to raise the temperature
of the sample.
Boynton said he initially dubbed the sample
"Wicked Witch" after the witch in "Hansel in Gretel" who
met her end when she was shoved into an oven. While donning a green costume
witch hat, to the laughter of those in the briefing room, he said perhaps he
should have named it for the witch in "The Wizard of Oz," famous for
her dying line, "I'm melting..."
Panoramic view
Phoenix has also completed its color
panorama view of its landing site, made of images taken with its Surface
Stereo Imager. The images show the Martian terrain in the high arctic regions,
which is relatively flat with few rocks and the hummocks and troughs that
indicate subsurface ice.
"Essentially it's an ice-dominated
terrain," said Mark Lemmon of Texas A&M University,
lead scientist for Phoenix Surface Stereo Imager.
The completion of the panorama was one of the
criteria Phoenix
had to meet to achieve mission success, which Phoenix
principal investigator Peter Smith said should be completely met by the end of
the lander's
primary mission of 90 sols, or Martian days.
Michael Meyer, chief scientist with Mars Exploration
Program at NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C., said that the
mission would be extended through sol 124, or Sept. 30. The mission
extension will tack another $2 million onto the $420 million mission.
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