Don't miss Venus and Jupiter shine super close in the night sky. They won't be closer until 2032!

An illustration of the night sky on March 1 showing the proximity of Venus and Jupiter.
Venus and Jupiter will shine extremely close in the night sky on March 1, 2023. They won't appear closer until Feb. 7, 2032. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)

On Wednesday (March 1) the drama that the two brightest planets, Venus and Jupiter have been engaged in for the past few weeks, reaches its pinnacle.  

Venus and Jupiter have been slowly approaching each other, and this evening they will be closest together, appearing side-by-side about one-third up in the west-southwest sky at sunset. That favorably places them for viewing for at least two hours. 

They will be separated in the night sky by a little over half a degree (0.53 degrees), or roughly the apparent width of the moon. Can you find them — first Venus, maybe with the naked eye, then both planets with optical aid — against the blue daytime sky before sunset?  

No doubt these two brilliant luminaries will attract the attention of even casual people who rarely pay much attention to the night sky. They might even induce some to call local TV and radio stations or newspapers, or even police stations to report the "strange UFOs" hovering eerily in the evening twilight. 

Maybe some will even mistake them for rogue balloons.

Related: Venus and Jupiter get so close they nearly 'kiss' tonight
More: The 12 best night sky events to see in 2023

Venus and Jupiter in close contact

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Looking for a telescope to see the planets up close? We recommend the Celestron Astro Fi 102 as the top pick in our best beginner's telescope guide

We did a check of Venus-Jupiter conjunctions over a 50-year interval (1990-2040) in which the two approached each other as close or closer as they will now, while maintaining a distance of at least 15 degrees from the sun, and found 15 such cases. 

Tonight's conjunction will be the best for nearly a decade. Not until Feb. 7, 2032 will Venus and Jupiter come closer to each other (0.35 degrees), and that will be in the morning sky.    

There is always a thrill in seeing two planets as globes in the same low-power or medium-power field of view — and this will be possible on Thursday (wider telescopic fields for this feat are needed the night before and the night after). 

Of course, both planets are nearly at their smallest and will be low enough to appear rather shaky. Venus will appear as a small, gibbous-shaped blob. Jupiter will be noticeably larger, with three of its four Galilean satellites appearing in a nearly straight line on one side of the big planet; in this order moving outward: Io, Ganymede and Callisto.  

For those living in the western US and Canada, the fourth Galilean moon — Europa — will appear to emerge from behind Jupiter on the same side as the other three at approximately 6 p.m. PST or 7 p.m. MST. 

Related: Venus will steal the show in the night sky in 2023

Telescopic views

When both planets are viewed in the same telescopic field, whether in the afternoon or evening sky, Venus' disk has a far greater brilliance than Jupiter's.  

These planets have approximately equal albedos, reflecting about three-fourths of the incident sunlight back into space. But Jupiter is nearly seven times as far from the sun as Venus, and receives barely two percent as much light per unit area as Venus does.  

Hence, though Jupiter's disk appears nearly three times wider than Venus', the latter planet outshines Jupiter more than five times, their magnitudes being -3.9 and -2.1 respectively.   

Coming attractions

Just in case this current evening apparition of Venus seems a bit familiar to you, this year indeed marks a repetition. There is a rhythm in Venus' motion: In 8 of our years (2,922 days) Venus appears to go 5 times around our sky (its synodic period being 583.9 days). So, the difference between the two over a span of 8 years amounts to only 2.4 days.  

Thus, Venus is now putting on nearly the same performance as in 2015. In May, Venus will lie above the highest point of the ecliptic, 44 degrees east of the sun and setting around midnight local daylight time for mid-northern latitudes. 

For telescopic viewers, Venus will put on its best show from early June through early July, when it shrinks in phase from one-half to one-quarter illuminated, while its disk nearly doubles in size. By the beginning of August, Venus will disappear into the sunset fires, reappearing a few weeks later in the morning sky — where it will remain for the rest of 2023.

Related: When, where and how to see the planets in the 2023 night sky

As for Jupiter, each year the largest of the planets travels 1/12 of the way around the sky around the sky, or generally one zodiacal constellation per year (because its sidereal period is 11.86 years).  

On Jan.13 it began its six years in the northern celestial hemisphere, crossing the celestial equator about 3 degrees to the east of the point in the sky marking the vernal equinox. This is supposed to be Jupiter's "Aries year," though because of the irregular sizes and boundaries of the constellations, it actually started this year in Pisces. 

Jupiter briefly clipped a corner of the non-zodiacal constellation Cetus between Feb. 5 and 18, before returning to Pisces until May 18. That's when it reaches into Aries, where it will stay for the balance of the year.  

Jupiter remains in view in the evening sky until the end of March, then will disappear into the solar glare when it transitions into the morning sky. During early May, it will emerge from out of the glare of the rising sun and will become a fixture in the predawn sky through the remainder of the spring and into the summer and early fall. It will arrive at opposition on Nov. 3, when it returns to the evening sky for the rest of the year.

If you're looking to observe planets like Venus and Jupiter on your own and need help choosing gear, our best telescopes for beginners and best binoculars guides can help. You can also check out our guide on how to photograph the moon, as well as our best cameras for astrophotography and best lenses for astrophotography to learn how to capture your stargazing experience on camera.

Editor’s Note: If you snap a photo of the close approach of Venus and Jupiter and would like to share it with Space.com’s readers, send your image(s), comments, and your name and location to spacephotos@space.com.

Joe Rao serves as an instructor and guest lecturer at New York's Hayden Planetarium. He writes about astronomy for Natural History magazine, the Farmers' Almanac and other publications. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook

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Joe Rao
Skywatching Columnist

Joe Rao is Space.com's skywatching columnist, as well as a veteran meteorologist and eclipse chaser who also serves as an instructor and guest lecturer at New York's Hayden Planetarium. He writes about astronomy for Natural History magazine, the Farmers' Almanac and other publications. Joe is an 8-time Emmy-nominated meteorologist who served the Putnam Valley region of New York for over 21 years. You can find him on Twitter and YouTube tracking lunar and solar eclipses, meteor showers and more. To find out Joe's latest project, visit him on Twitter.

  • rod
    I did not miss the duo this evening :) Observed 1745-1845 EST (2245-2345 UT). Waxing gibbous Moon in Gemini. Sunset near 1759 EST. Jupiter and Venus conjunction this evening, very lovely, a dazzling pair in the sky by 1820 EST. Stellarium angle measure showed 32 arcminutes apart. I used my 90-mm refractor telescope with TeleVue 14-mm Delos and TeleVue 9-mm Nagler for 71x and 111x observations. At 71x with a true FOV a bit more than 1-degree, both easy to see in the FOV. A bit more difficult at 111x to see both but I could (true FOV about 44 arcminutes). Venus, distinct gibbous shaped planet and bright (85.6% illuminated and 12 arcsecond size). Jupiter (34 arcsecond size and 99.7% illuminated) cloud bands, shading at the poles distinct. The Great Red Spot was visible. The GRS transit time tonight was 02-March-2023 at 0025 UT/1925 EST 01-March-2023. Europa occultation by Jupiter at 2318 UT. I did observe Europa until Europa disappeared behind Jupiter's limb. Io, Callisto, and Ganymede visible on the other side. The March 2023 Sky & Telescope magazine, pages 50-51 supplied tables for GRS transit times and Galilean moon events at Jupiter. While viewing this evening, several flocks of geese were migrating north flying over my location, in the V shape flight school pattern, honking loudly 😊. Time to move north to nesting grounds. Clear skies this evening at sunset, some high cirrus. Temperature 7C, winds south 6 knots. A pleasant time at sunset watching Jupiter and Venus conjunction in Pisces.
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