US Space Command is tracking China's falling rocket booster, but won't shoot it down

Editor's note: China's huge Long March 5B rocket crashed back to Earth Saturday night (May 8) over the Arabian Peninsula. Read our full story of the reentry.


The U.S. Space Command is closely tracking a large Chinese rocket body falling uncontrollably back to Earth that is predicted to hit the atmosphere sometime late Saturday (May 8).

Odds are that the 23-ton (21-metric ton) Long March 5B rocket core booster, will strike an uninhabited area since 70% of Earth's surface is covered in ocean. It's not the largest piece of debris to ever fall uncontrolled back to Earth; NASA's Skylab space station reentry in 1979, for example, was much more massive, at 85 tons (77 metric tons). But the booster's fall comes just over a week after it successfully launched Tianhe, the core module of China's new space station, into orbit.

As of press time, the Long March 5B segment is currently predicted to reenter over the Indian Ocean Saturday night at 11:53 p.m. EDT (0353 GMT) give or take 11 hours, according to the Aerospace Corp., which is tracking the tumbling booster.

From Beijing, foreign ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin said China is closely tracking the core stage and that most of it would burn up harmlessly in the atmosphere. "The probability of this process causing harm on the ground is extremely low," he said in a Reuters report posted Friday (May 7).

Related: How to track China's falling rocket booster online

An image of the falling Chinese rocket body published by the Russian space agency, Roscosmos, on May 7, 2021. (Image credit: Roscosmos)

That said, this is the second time in recent memory that a Chinese rocket made an uncontrolled fall; pieces of another rocket in 2020 reportedly slammed into inhabited villages of Côte d'Ivoire, fortunately with no casualties. Even the very slight risk that parts of the 98 feet by 16.5 feet (30 meters by 5 m) object could hit a populated zone is causing observers — military and civilian alike — to pay attention. 

There's considerable uncertainty about where and when the stage will hit, since that location depends on the current altitude of Earth's atmosphere (which varies with solar activity), the rocket body's angle when it hits the atmosphere, and the size of pieces that make it through without burning up, among other factors.

"The rocket stage's orbital inclination of 41.5 degrees means that reentry can be as far north as Chicago, New York City, Rome and Beijing and as far south as New Zealand and Chile," Aerospace Corp. wrote on Medium on Thursday (May 6.) 

Related: The biggest spacecraft to fall uncontrolled from space

A Long March 5B rocket launches Tianhe, the core module of China's new space station, on April 28, 2021. (Image credit: CASC)

The U.S. military is closely monitoring the situation, along with the White House, both of which have said the issue is a reminder to space-launching nations to take responsibility for space debris after launching things into orbit.

"U.S. Space Command is aware of and tracking the location of the Chinese Long March 5B in space, but its exact entry point into the Earth's atmosphere cannot be pinpointed until within hours of its reentry," the defense branch wrote in a brief statement about the issue.

The statement added that the 18th Space Control Squadron, which monitors orbital debris, is delivering daily updates at space-track.org. "All debris can be potential threats to spaceflight safety and the space domain, and the 18th SPCS delivers front-line space defense and warnings to the global space community," officials wrote in the statement.

In a briefing with reporters on Thursday (May 6), U.S. Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin said the department has no plans to shoot down the space debris, the way officials did during a test exercise with U.S. military satellite USA-193 (also known as NROL-21) in 2008.

"We don't have a plan to shoot the rocket down," Austin said, according to a transcript. "We're hopeful that it will land in a place where it won't harm anyone, hopefully in the ocean or someplace like that. I think this speaks to the fact that for those of us who operate in the space domain, there … should be a requirement to operate in a safe and thoughtful mode, and make sure that we take those kinds of things into consideration as we plan and conduct operations."

When asked if the U.S. military even has the capability to bring the satellite down, Austin added: "We have the capability to do a lot of things, but we don't have a plan to shoot it down, as we speak."

Amateur skywatchers are also keeping an eye out for the rocket, with the Virtual Telescope's Gianluca Masi planning to broadcast live footage from Rome late tonight if the core stage is visible. That webcast is scheduled for 10:40 p.m. EDT (0240 GMT) May 7, weather permitting. You can watch it directly from the Virtual Telescope here and on YouTube.

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Elizabeth Howell
Staff Writer, Spaceflight

Elizabeth Howell (she/her), Ph.D., is a staff writer in the spaceflight channel since 2022 covering diversity, education and gaming as well. She was contributing writer for Space.com for 10 years before joining full-time. Elizabeth's reporting includes multiple exclusives with the White House and Office of the Vice-President of the United States, an exclusive conversation with aspiring space tourist (and NSYNC bassist) Lance Bass, speaking several times with the International Space Station, witnessing five human spaceflight launches on two continents, flying parabolic, working inside a spacesuit, and participating in a simulated Mars mission. Her latest book, "Why Am I Taller?", is co-written with astronaut Dave Williams. Elizabeth holds a Ph.D. and M.Sc. in Space Studies from the University of North Dakota, a Bachelor of Journalism from Canada's Carleton University and a Bachelor of History from Canada's Athabasca University. Elizabeth is also a post-secondary instructor in communications and science at several institutions since 2015; her experience includes developing and teaching an astronomy course at Canada's Algonquin College (with Indigenous content as well) to more than 1,000 students since 2020. Elizabeth first got interested in space after watching the movie Apollo 13 in 1996, and still wants to be an astronaut someday. Mastodon: https://qoto.org/@howellspace