U.S.
President George W. Bush has authorized a sweeping new national space policy,
green-lighting an overarching national policy that governs the conduct of America's space
activities.
The
new policy supports not only a Moon, Mars and beyond exploration agenda, but
also responds to a post 9/11 world of terrorist actions, such as the need for
intelligence-gathering internal and external to the United States.
U.S. assets must be
unhindered in carrying out their space duties, the Bush space policy says,
stressing that "freedom of action in space is as important to the United States as air power and
sea power."
Without
fanfare, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) rolled
out the National Space Policy on October 6--a document that supersedes a
September 1996 version of the directive. President Bush signed off on the new
space policy on August 31.
A
10-page unclassified version of the U.S. National Space Policy was posted
Friday on the OSTP web site.
Across the solar system
The
White House document spells out U.S. space policy goals, including the
implementation of a sustained "innovative human and robotic exploration
program" geared to extending human presence across the solar system.
As
a civil space guideline, the policy calls upon NASA to "execute a sustained and
affordable human and robotic program of space exploration and develop, acquire,
and use civil space systems to advance fundamental scientific knowledge of our
Earth system, solar system, and universe."
The
Bush space policy supports use of space nuclear power systems to "enable or
significantly enhance space exploration or operational capabilities." The
document adds that utilization of nuclear power systems "shall be consistent
with U.S. national and homeland security, and foreign policy interests, and take into account the
potential risks."
The
policy highlights an interagency approval process for space launch and in-space
use of nuclear power sources.
Risk from orbital debris
Among
a wide range of topics - including commercial space policy and international
cooperation--the Bush space policy includes an orbital debris section. It labels
human-made space junk as posing a risk to continued reliable use of space-based
services and operations, including the safety of space travelers and property
in space and on Earth.
"The United
States shall seek to minimize the creation of orbital debris by government and
non-government operations in space in order to preserve the space environment
for future generations," the space policy explains.
In
regards to curbing space debris, the document encourages foreign nations and
international organizations to also take steps toward debris minimization.
Freedom of action
For
50 years, the U.S. has led the world in space exploration, developing "a solid
civil, commercial, and national security space foundation," the document notes.
"Space
has become a place that is increasingly used by a host of nations, consortia,
businesses, and entrepreneurs," the space policy states. "In this new century,
those who effectively utilize space will enjoy added prosperity and security
and will hold a substantial advantage over those who do not."
Additionally,
the Bush space policy is designed to "ensure that space capabilities are
available in time to further U.S. national security, homeland security, and foreign
policy objectives." Moreover, a fundamental goal of the policy is to "enable
unhindered U.S. operations in and
through space to defend our interests there."
The
policy calls upon the Secretary of Defense to "develop capabilities, plans, and
options to ensure freedom of action in space, and, if directed, deny such
freedom of action to adversaries."
Overhead intelligence
In
a section called "Space-related Security Classification," the new space policy
lists several unclassified facts, such as: The U.S. government conducts
satellite photoreconnaissance that includes a near real-time capability, as
well as overhead signals intelligence collection.
Among
a number of tasks, U.S. government photoreconnaissance is used to "image the United States and its
territories and possessions, consistent with applicable laws, for purposes
including, but not limited to, homeland security."
The
Director of National Intelligence is charged by the policy to "provide a robust
foreign space intelligence collection and analysis capability that provides
timely information and data to support national and homeland security."
For
the complete White House National Space Policy Document, go to:
http://www.ostp.gov/html/US%20National%20Space%20Policy.pdf
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