The planet Venus has been hanging around in the dawn sky all month, rising less than an hour before sunup and staying at nearly the same altitude above the dawn horizon all month. The planet will be leaving the morning sky soon, but not before a curtain call with the moon.
You can still see Venus very low in the sky, just above the east-northeast horizon about 30 minutes before sunrise, and on Thursday (June 30) it will appear near the crescent moon. But over the next few weeks the planet will shift even lower each morning.
Astronomers use a reverse magnitude scale to define the brightness of celestial objects — the lower the number, the brighter the object. A negative magnitude denotes a brilliant object. Venus is currently shining at a scintillating magnitude of -3.8, an amazingly bright sight.
By July 10, observers at or near the 40-degree north latitude line on the map will see Venus sit just a scant 3 degrees above the east-northeastern horizon 30 minutes before sunrise. Your clenched fist held at arm’s length measures roughly 10 degrees, so Venus will appear only about "one-third of a fist up" above the horizon.
So for all intents and purposes Venus will then take the rest of the summer off.
In fact, after Venus disappears from view in July, the next time you likely will see it, will come either at the very end of September or early in October. But when it returns, Venus will be an evening sky object, since it will pass superior conjunction — when it is behind the sun as seen from Earth — on Aug. 16.
Venus' first evening appearance in August will be very low near the western horizon immediately after sunset.
Before it vanishes out of sight for the next few months, Venus will have one final morning rendezvous with a hairline crescent moon early on Thursday morning. But because of the low appearance of the planet and moon in the sky, as well as the brightness of the morning twilight sky, there may be a certain degree of difficulty for skywatchers trying to see them.
Early Thursday morning, the exceedingly narrow waning crescent moon will appear about 1.5 degrees below and to the left of Venus. The moon will be only about 1 percent illuminated and just about one day from new phase.
While Venus might be visible to the naked eye, the moon may not be immediately visible. So carefully scan the sky below Venus with binoculars using the brilliant planet as your guide.
To be sure, this will be a very challenging observation. Good Luck!
Joe Rao serves as an instructor and guest lecturer at New York's Hayden Planetarium. He writes about astronomy for The New York Times and other publications, and he is also an on-camera meteorologist for News 12 Westchester, N.Y.
