The parachutes that will slow NASA's Orion crew capsule during its descent back to Earth aced an important test last week.
Orion's parachute system "deployed as planned after being dropped from an altitude of 6.6 miles [10.6 kilometers) on July 12, at the U.S. Army Proving Ground in Yuma, Arizona," NASA officials wrote in a statement Wednesday (July 18). "Data from the successful seventh drop in a series of eight qualification tests will help NASA engineers certify Orion's parachutes for missions with astronauts."
The last of those eight tests is planned for September, when the chutes will fly with a capsule that looks a lot like Orion, the officials added. (Last week's trial used a dart-shaped "test article.") [The Orion Space Capsule: NASA's Next Spaceship (Photos)]
Orion's next spaceflight is another uncrewed test, called Exploration Mission-1 (EM-1), which will send the craft on a three-week trip around the moon. NASA plans to launch EM-1 — which will also be the maiden flight of NASA's new Space Launch System (SLS) megarocket — by June 2020, and perhaps as early as December 2019.
Orion's parachute system consists of 11 individual chutes — "three forward-bay cover parachutes, two drogue parachutes, three pilot parachutes and three main parachutes that will reduce the capsule's speed after re-entry in support of a safe landing in the ocean," NASA officials wrote in the same statement.
Each main parachute expands to a diameter of 116 feet (35 meters) when deployed in Earth's atmosphere, they added. But all this material is packed into a container the size of a large suitcase for loading aboard Orion. In its compressed configuration (which is achieved with the aid of hydraulic presses, baking and vacuum sealing), each main chute has a density of about 40 lbs. per cubic foot (640 kilograms per cubic m) — about the same as a chunk of wood from an oak tree, NASA officials said.
