UAE lunar rover will test 1st artificial intelligence on the moon with Canada

artist's impression of rover on the moon's surface with rocks in behind
The United Arab Emirates' Rashid rover will bear Canadian artificial intelligence on the moon to get ready for future lunar missions. (Image credit: Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre)

The moon is about to host one giant leap in artificial intelligence (AI).

A Canadian machine learning system will make its way to the moon's surface onboard a United Arab Emirates rover that launched with SpaceX Dec. 11. 

The Rashid rover, hosted on the Japanese ispace lander, is expected to touch down this spring in search of minerals and other items of interest on the lunar surface. Canada's system will inform the rover's decision-making in a big first for AI: No "deep learning" AI has ever reached beyond low Earth orbit before, company officials say.

If this works, the tech will be big for NASA's moon push, Mission Control Space Services CEO Ewan Reid told Space.com. "AI will be a critical enabling tool to making decisions on board spacecraft," Reid said. That work not only extends to seeking out water on the moon, which NASA plans to do with its Artemis missions, but also to making Earth observation more efficient. And Mission Control, a company of just 40 people so far, aims to be in the driver's seat.

Related: Canadian astronauts will start flying to the moon in 2023 with NASA's Artemis missions

When most people think of Canadian tech in space, they think of flashy projects like Canadarm: The robotic arm series that has served the shuttle, the International Space Station and soon, NASA's Gateway lunar station. More astute observers may also cite space medicine or even rocketry as tech fields in which Canada has expertise.

Mission Control represents what many small space Canadian companies do, however: provide essential software or components that fly in the background, fueling missions all over the world. The company doesn't advertise all of its work; often Mission Control customers want media attention on their own mission, Reid said. 

"That's why this [AI] demonstration with the Canadian Space Agency is nice, because it's very much in the public domain and we're allowed to talk about it," Reid said. 

If all goes to plan, Rashid will run for approximately one lunar day (14 Earth days) on the surface. It is not expected to last the lunar night, but as a demonstration mission that's just fine for Mission Control. It has plans to leverage a lot from a few precious days on the moon.

Related: Lunar timeline: humanity's explorations of the moon

This colorful image showcases the 'output' a moon mission with artificial intelligence should produce, using Mission Control Space Services' software. (Image credit: Mission Control Space Services)

Mission Control will receive the Rashid rover's navigation images via the Japanese lander, which will handle communications with Earth. With the Canadian company's algorithm, "every single pixel in the image [will be] classified as a certain terrain type," Reid said.

"That output will then be sent to the ground and will be used by scientists and engineers at our office in Ottawa, as well as at other Canadian universities, to help decide where the rover should go," he added. Future missions will take the human "out of the loop" once engineers are confident the AI knows how to classify different features, and distinguish between critical mission items like rocks and craters.

On the moon, AI can save a lot of limited satellite bandwidth since it would only share the data, images and videos that scientists need, Reid said. The tech can be repurposed all over the solar system, including applications like detecting "dark" ships on Earth trying to sail without registration, or filtering clouds from planetary images.

"We see an enormous opportunity for deploying AI on the edge, in space," Reid said. If all goes to plan, the lunar demonstration will allow Mission Control "to support other companies and organizations as they work to deploy AI in their missions in the future."

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Elizabeth Howell
Staff Writer, Spaceflight

Elizabeth Howell (she/her), Ph.D., is a staff writer in the spaceflight channel since 2022 covering diversity, education and gaming as well. She was contributing writer for Space.com for 10 years before joining full-time. Elizabeth's reporting includes multiple exclusives with the White House and Office of the Vice-President of the United States, an exclusive conversation with aspiring space tourist (and NSYNC bassist) Lance Bass, speaking several times with the International Space Station, witnessing five human spaceflight launches on two continents, flying parabolic, working inside a spacesuit, and participating in a simulated Mars mission. Her latest book, "Why Am I Taller?", is co-written with astronaut Dave Williams. Elizabeth holds a Ph.D. and M.Sc. in Space Studies from the University of North Dakota, a Bachelor of Journalism from Canada's Carleton University and a Bachelor of History from Canada's Athabasca University. Elizabeth is also a post-secondary instructor in communications and science at several institutions since 2015; her experience includes developing and teaching an astronomy course at Canada's Algonquin College (with Indigenous content as well) to more than 1,000 students since 2020. Elizabeth first got interested in space after watching the movie Apollo 13 in 1996, and still wants to be an astronaut someday. Mastodon: https://qoto.org/@howellspace