Skip to main content
Space Space
Sign up to our newsletter Newsletter
RSS
Sign in
  • View Profile
  • Sign out
  • Space Exploration
    • Launches & Spacecraft
      • Private spaceflight
      • Human spaceflight
      • SpaceX
      • Blue Origin
      • Virgin Galactic
      • United Launch Alliance
    • Search for Life
      • Exoplanets
      • SETI
      • Aliens
    • Missions
      • International Space Station
      • Space Shuttle
      • Apollo
      • Artemis
      • Voyager
      • Asteroid & Comet Missions
      • Mars rovers
      • New Horizons
      • Parker Solar Probe
    • Satellites
  • Astronomy
    • Solar System
      • The Sun
      • Asteroids
      • Mars
      • Comets
      • Mercury
      • Jupiter
      • Saturn
      • Pluto
      • Venus
      • Dwarf Planets
      • Neptune
      • Uranus
    • The Moon
      • Moon Phases
    • The Earth
      • Live 4K video from space
      • Climate Change
      • Weather
    • The Universe
      • Stars
      • Black Holes
      • Dark Universe
      • Galaxies
    • Deep Space
      • James Webb Space Telescope
      • Hubble Space Telescope
  • Stargazing
    • Skywatching Kit
      • Telescopes
      • Cameras
    • Astrophotography
    • Eclipses
      • Lunar Eclipses
      • Solar Eclipses
  • Entertainment
    • Space Movies & Shows
      • Star Trek
      • Star Wars
    • Space Games
    • Space Toys & Lego
    • Space Books
    • Technology
      • Drones
      • Aerospace
    • Science
      • Particle Physics
      • Astrophysics
  • Videos
    • Subscribe to our Newsletters
    • About Us
    • Web Notifications
  • home
  • Space Exploration
    • View Space Exploration
    • Launches & Spacecraft
      • View Launches & Spacecraft
      • Private spaceflight
      • Human spaceflight
      • SpaceX
      • Blue Origin
      • Virgin Galactic
      • United Launch Alliance
    • Search for Life
      • View Search for Life
      • Exoplanets
      • SETI
      • Aliens
    • Missions
      • View Missions
      • International Space Station
      • Space Shuttle
      • Apollo
      • Artemis
      • Voyager
      • Asteroid & Comet Missions
      • Mars rovers
      • New Horizons
      • Parker Solar Probe
    • Satellites
  • Astronomy
    • View Astronomy
    • Solar System
      • View Solar System
      • The Sun
      • Asteroids
      • Mars
      • Comets
      • Mercury
      • Jupiter
      • Saturn
      • Pluto
      • Venus
      • Dwarf Planets
      • Neptune
      • Uranus
    • The Moon
      • View The Moon
      • Moon Phases
    • The Earth
      • View The Earth
      • Live 4K video from space
      • Climate Change
      • Weather
    • The Universe
      • View The Universe
      • Stars
      • Black Holes
      • Dark Universe
      • Galaxies
    • Deep Space
      • View Deep Space
      • James Webb Space Telescope
      • Hubble Space Telescope
  • Stargazing
    • View Stargazing
    • Skywatching Kit
      • View Skywatching Kit
      • Telescopes
      • Cameras
    • Astrophotography
    • Eclipses
      • View Eclipses
      • Lunar Eclipses
      • Solar Eclipses
  • Entertainment
    • View Entertainment
    • Space Movies & Shows
      • View Space Movies & Shows
      • Star Trek
      • Star Wars
    • Space Games
    • Space Toys & Lego
    • Space Books
    • Technology
      • View Technology
      • Drones
      • Aerospace
    • Science
      • View Science
      • Particle Physics
      • Astrophysics
  • Videos
    • Subscribe to our Newsletters
    • About Us
    • Web Notifications
Don't miss these
(Main) the colliding galaxy clusters that comprise the bullet cluster as seen by DECam(Inset) the Victor M. Blanco Telescope home of DECam.
Dark Universe Scientists just got the clearest picture of the dark universe yet: 'Now the dream has come true'
M87* and its cosmic blowtorch-like jet as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope
Black Holes Astronomers watch 1st black hole ever imaged launch a 3,000‑light‑year‑long cosmic jet from its glowing 'shadow'
Screenshot from a new NASA animation highlighting some of the universe's biggest black holes, including the record-holding TON 618, which is about as massive as 60 billion suns.
James Webb Space Telescope James Webb Space Telescope reveals new origin story for the universe's 1st supermassive black holes
A sunset over a lake with a silhouette of an island right underneath the setting sun
Solar Eclipses Total solar eclipse 2030: Everything you need to know about totality in southern Africa and southeast Australia
A close up of the sun with a solar flare present on the right of the solar disk.
The Sun Magnetic avalanches on the sun reveal the hidden engine powering solar flares
An illustration of all the solar system planets arranged in an arc around the sun
Astronomy What is below Earth, since space is present in every direction?
An illustration of string theory
Astronomy Universal truths: Astronomy's deepest theories quiz
A closeup of "leopard spots" on Mars seen by the Perseverance rover.
Astronomy 8 astronomy discoveries that wowed us in 2025
A series of blue sparkling webs create a tangle of threads across a dark blue background, symbolizing dark matter in the universe.
Dark Universe Dark matter obeys gravity after all — could that rule out a 5th fundamental force in the universe?
A pink disk of swirling gas and light is bisected by a glowing blue line of light
James Webb Space Telescope This is the sharpest view ever seen of a black hole's dusty disk
artist's impression of a pulsar ejecting vast pulses of radiation.
Search for Life Astronomers searching for alien life are sharpening our cosmic clocks. Here's why
Two "fans" representing DESI observations above and below the plane of the Milky Way
Dark Universe The expansion of our universe may be slowing down. What does that mean for dark energy?
An illustration of the JWST against a "filament" of dark matter strteching many light-years through space
Dark Universe James Webb Space Telescope could illuminate dark matter in a way scientists didn't realize
The visualization above shows the magnetic field around Earth, the magnetosphere, as it might look from space.
Earth Scientists find a surprising twist in Earth's magnetic field
Images of the twisted jet of matter OJ287 erupting from a distant black hole as seen by the EHT
Black Holes Astronomers watch 2 supermassive black holes caught in a twisted dance with never-before-seen jet behavior
Trending
  • Artemis 2 moon mission: Latest news
  • Aurora Forecast
  • Night sky tonight!
  • Best Telescopes
  • Space Calendar
  • Live 4K Sen video from space!
  • Best Drones
  • Best Binoculars
  • Next Full Moon
  • Lego Star Wars deals
  • Solar System Planets
  • Best Star Projectors
  1. Astronomy
  2. Solar System
  3. The Sun

In Photos: Einstein's 1919 Solar Eclipse Experiment Tests General Relativity

Countdowns
By Sarah Lewin published 29 May 2019

When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works.

Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, published in 1915, implied that because of the way space and time are interconnected, light's path would bend when it passed by massive objects. In 1919, scientists had the chance to test the theory's predictions — with the help of a total solar eclipse. Here, Albert Einstein sits in his Berlin, Germany study in 1919, at the age of 40.

Page 1 of 9
Page 1 of 9

Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington, whose 1919 expedition to measure a total solar eclipse helped confirm Einstein's theory of relativity. Eddington measured stars during the eclipse from Príncipe, an island off the coast of West Africa, while another team of astronomers took observations from the Brazilian town Sobral. Combining those results led to the decisive measurements confirming the theory.

Page 2 of 9
Page 2 of 9

A photograph of the scientists' setup to measure the May 29, 1919 total solar eclipse from Sobral, Brazil. Two heliostats with moveable mirrors directed images of the sun into two horizontal telescopes.

Page 3 of 9
Page 3 of 9

A glass positive photograph taken of the sun's corona from Sobral, Brazil during the May 29, 1919 total solar eclipse.

Page 4 of 9
Page 4 of 9

One of the stars measured during the 1919 total solar eclipse whose movement confirmed Einstein's theory of relativity. Without the sun's gravitational interference, the star should have appeared at the red dot in the image.

Page 5 of 9
Page 5 of 9

Researchers measured how stars' light bent around the sun during the 1919 total solar eclipse; the precise amount it bent offered additional confirmation of Einstin's calculations.

Page 6 of 9
Page 6 of 9

The phenomenon that bent light around the sun during the 1919 total solar eclipse, called weak lensing, is used today to measure the amount of dark matter in foreground galaxies by measuring how much they bend light passing by from background objects.

Page 7 of 9
Page 7 of 9

The Hubble Space Telescope captured this image of the white dwarf star Stein 2051b, at center, which is 17 light-years from Earth. The smaller star below is 5000 light-years from Earth, and astronomers observed its position change slightly over the course of two years when Stein 2051B passed in front of it from Earth's perspective.

Page 8 of 9
Page 8 of 9

A plaque honoring Arthur Eddington, whose measurements verified Einstein's theory of general relativity.

Page 9 of 9
Page 9 of 9
Sarah Lewin
Sarah Lewin
Social Links Navigation
Associate Editor

Sarah Lewin started writing for Space.com in June of 2015 as a Staff Writer and became Associate Editor in 2019 . Her work has been featured by Scientific American, IEEE Spectrum, Quanta Magazine, Wired, The Scientist, Science Friday and WGBH's Inside NOVA. Sarah has an MA from NYU's Science, Health and Environmental Reporting Program and an AB in mathematics from Brown University. When not writing, reading or thinking about space, Sarah enjoys musical theatre and mathematical papercraft. She is currently Assistant News Editor at Scientific American. You can follow her on Twitter @SarahExplains.

Read more
An illustration of future black hole images showing a subtle variation between those described by general relativity and those not.
As our black hole images get more detailed, we may find Einstein wasn't quite right about them
 
 
An illustration showing the accretion disc surrounding a black hole, in which the inner region of the disc wobbles.
Einstein's right again! Scientists catch a feasting black hole dragging the very fabric of spacetime
 
 
A photograph of an ancient Chinese text with vertical characters with a column circled in red
Ancient Chinese texts reveal new clues about the 1st recorded solar eclipse
 
 
Screenshot from a new NASA animation highlighting some of the universe's biggest black holes, including the record-holding TON 618, which is about as massive as 60 billion suns.
James Webb Space Telescope reveals new origin story for the universe's 1st supermassive black holes
 
 
An image of Mars
Time travels faster on Mars than on Earth, and here's why
 
 
An illustration of the Earth warping a flat sheet of white crisscrossing lines.
Does quantum gravity exist? A new experiment has deepened the mystery
 
 
Latest in The Sun
A close up of the sun with a solar flare present on the right of the solar disk.
Magnetic avalanches on the sun reveal the hidden engine powering solar flares
 
 
image showing a graphic illustration of earth on the left and an inset image on the right showing a view from SOHO LASCO imagery with lots of fine white specks across the screen - like a snowstorm - this is the solar radiation storm.
Earth was just hit by the strongest solar radiation storm in over 20 years — here's what it means
 
 
two panel image on the left is the solar flare and on the right is the cme eruption in the background is a close up illustration of the sun.
Sun unleashes powerful X-flare, CME hits Earth sparking severe geomagnetic storm
 
 
A grayscale image shows a close up of the sun and shows a solar wind changing direction, curving to the left of the image
NASA's Parker Solar Probe captures solar wind doing a 'U-turn'
 
 
An illustration of the sun's atmosphere, with a glowing ball of orange light surrounded by light blue and white squiggles against a dark background
Finding the point of no return: Sun's shifting, spiky atmospheric boundary mapped in detail for 1st time
 
 
bright eruption from the sun during the x-class solar flare on dec 8 2025.
Sun unleashes intense X-class solar flare, triggering radio blackouts across Australia
 
 
Latest in Countdowns
three panel image showing on the left meteors streaking through the sky above an arch rock formation , top right a blue green meteor with a long tail and bottom right northern lights captured from a plane, showing ribbons of purple and green lights above the city lights below.
Our 10 favorite Space.com reader astronomy photos of 2025
 
 
four panel image showing left to right a blood red moon, a meteor streaking through the sky, venus shining bright in the sky and a total solar eclipse
15 skywatching events you won't want to miss in 2026
 
 
Three cowboys on horses wearing ten-gallon hats cross from left to right across a snowy hill with a large yellow full moon in a pink night sky behind them
13 must-see moon events in 2026: Eclipses, supermoons, conjunctions and more
 
 
4 panel image showing the moon hiding mars, strange blue and white squiggling lights among auroras, star and city light trails from orbit and meteors and milky way over a rock arch formation,
10 times the sky amazed us in 2025
 
 
The Milky Way galaxy glows in the night sky over the trees
10 of the best stargazing locations in North America
 
 
A pair of tents sit in the Sahara desert in Morroco with the Sun beating down on them
10 unique tours and experiences for the 2027 'eclipse of the century'
 
 
MORE FROM SPACE...
  1. An illustration shows a quark racing through thye primordial soup or quark-gluon plasma that filled the early universe, creating a wave
    1
    Large Hadron Collider reveals 'primordial soup' of the early universe was surprisingly soupy
  2. 2
    1.1 million mph cosmic winds race through 'magnetic superhighway' in colliding galaxies
  3. 3
    Artemis 2 SLS wet dress rehearsal latest news: Moon rocket fueling test now set for Feb. 2
  4. 4
    Living spaceships, plague planets, and a quote from Josef Mengele: 'The Sixth Nik' is NYT bestselling author Daniel Kraus' 1st sci-fi novel, and it's really weird
  5. 5
    NASA delays critical Artemis 2 rocket fueling test due to below-freezing temperatures, launch no earlier than Feb. 8

Space is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Visit our corporate site.

Add as a preferred source on Google
  • About Us
  • Contact Future's experts
  • Terms and conditions
  • Privacy policy
  • Cookies policy
  • Accessibility Statement
  • Advertise with us
  • Web notifications
  • Careers

© Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036.

Please login or signup to comment

Please wait...