Phosphorous — one of the essential elements for life — has been discovered in the cosmic leftovers from a star explosion for the first time, scientists say.
The finding is one of two discoveries of elements in deep space that may give scientists clues to how life is possible in the universe, researchers said. The second discovery by a second team of scientists found traces of argon gas in a distant nebula.
"These five elements are essential to life and can only be created in massive stars," said Dae-Sik Moon, a University of Toronto astronomer, in a statement.
"They are scattered throughout our galaxy when the star explodes, and they become part of other stars, planets and ultimately, humans," Moon added.
An eye for argon hydride
In the second study in Science today, scientists revealed the first discovery of molecules of a noble gas — a gas that is not very reactive — in space using the European Space Agency's Herschel Space Observatory.
Astronomers were observing the Crab Nebula in infrared light when they discovered the "chemical fingerprint" of argon hydride ions. The Crab Nebula is the cosmic leftovers of a supernova explosion first described by Chinese astronomers in the year 1054.
When certain kinds of massive stars run out of fuel to burn, they explode into supernovas. The star's destruction typically leaves behind a nebula of slowly dissipating gas as well as a star remnant, also called a neutron star.
In the Crab Nebula, the ions probably came to be due to its neutron star sending out energy that energized argon in the nebula. The argon then connected with hydrogen molecules to form the argon hydride ions, scientists said.
"Discovering argon hydride ions here was unexpected because you don't expect an atom like argon, a noble gas, to form molecules, and you wouldn't expect to find them in the harsh environment of a supernova remnant," stated Mike Barlow, an astronomer at University College London in the United Kingdom who led the research.
Coincidentally, it was another UCL researcher — William Ramsay — who first discovered the noble gases in the late 19th century, the university noted in a statement.
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