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Spacewatch Friday: Fact vs. Fiction: Reading Weather in the Sun, Moon and Stars

By Joe Rao
Special to SPACE.com
posted: 07:00 am ET
07 March 2003

Twinkle, twinkle little star

Most people would probably consider a sky filled with twinkling stars to be the perfect setting for the observational astronomer. However, such a sight is perhaps the worst scenario for viewing the sky.


Astronomers use fake stars, created by lasers, to help take the twinkle out of real stars.
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This is especially true during the winter when the atmosphere is clear and transparent and the temperature cold. Then the twinkling or scintillation effect is especially noticeable. The cause lies in the fact that the temperature, water vapor, and density of the different layers of the atmosphere are constantly changing across different layers and pockets.

As the beam of light from a star passes through the air, it is refracted, or bent, irregularly while passing through varying pockets of air, with the resultant effect of scintillation.

If you tried observing with a telescope on such a night, you'd be very disappointed. Looking at a particular star or planet through such a turbulent atmosphere, the image would appear to constantly dance, or shimmer, even if you were using a low power eyepiece.

Nights of poor "seeing," as astronomers call it, are usually encountered immediately after the passage of a storm or a sharp weather front. It is better to wait at least 24 to perhaps 48 hours after such a weather system has moved on by, to allow the local atmosphere to calm-down and allow steadier views.

Ironically, summer nights that appear rather hazy and with fewer stars often yield the best telescopic views. While not as transparent or pristine as cold, crisp winter nights, the atmosphere is usually much steadier.

Next Page: Stellar forecast …

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