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Spacewatch Friday: Extreme Astronomy: Objects at the Limits and Beyond By Joe Rao Special to SPACE.com posted: 07:00 am ET 13 September 2002
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The Most Colorful Star
In recent weeks we’ve discussed stars with vivid colors: the beautiful double star Albireo (blue and orange) and Antares (fiery red). But the title of the reddest star that is visible to the naked eye likely belongs to a star in the constellation of Cepheus, the King.
In the sky, rather than a king, Cepheus seems to resemble a church with a steeple or perhaps an Alpine ski lodge with a steep, snow-shedding roof. This dim stellar outline is best seen on moonless transparent nights as it wheels high above the celestial pole at this time of year.
Located just below the foundation of the church or ski lodge is the star Mu Cephei, sometimes also known as Erakis, and christened by William Herschel as "The Garnet Star."
Here is a red giant that apparently is
in the same class of stars as Betelgeuse
in Orion. It’s a pulsating variable star, categorized as having an irregular
period, though seemingly taking an average of 755 days to go from a star with
a brightness of magnitude 3.7, fading down to about 5.0 before brightening back
up again.
(Magnitude is the standard by which astronomers measure the apparent brightness
of objects that appear in the sky. The lower the number, the brighter the object.
The brightest stars in the sky are categorized as zero or first magnitude.)
But it’s the color that makes Mu Cephei a standout. According to Richard Hinckley
Allen in his classic work "Star Names, Their Lore and Meaning," Mu
is one of the deepest colored stars visible to the naked eye. But like its brightness,
its color too can appear to vary. Most of the time it appears a deep orange-red,
but on occasion it has seemed to take on a weird purplish tint.
It’s indeed a pity that The Garnet Star -- as some call it -- is not just a
bit brighter. Still, with careful scrutiny its ruddy cast is apparent even to
the unaided eye on a dark night. And it’s stunning in good binoculars.
Next Page: The Most Luminous Star
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