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Comet Wild-2
Comet Chaser to Run by Earth
NASA's Stardust Spacecraft Survives Solar Flare
Cometcatcher Trims Course for Earth Flyby
Stardust Craft Tested for Damage After Solar Storm
Stardust Heads for Comet
By Leonard David
Senior Space Writer
posted: 01:45 pm ET
16 January 2001

stardust_update_010116

WASHINGTON -- Racing over a "speed bump" could mean expensive car repairs. But in the world of celestial mechanics, a bump-up in velocity can give spacecraft the right alignment.

Thats the case for NASAs Stardust spacecraft. It zoomed by Earth on January 15, flying over a point southeast of the southern tip of Africa at an altitude of some 3,700 miles (6,000 kilometers).

Launched February 7, 1999, the Earth gravity assist on Monday added energy to Stardust, putting the probe on a path to meet Comet P/Wild 2 in January 2004.

The spacecraft is built to snag comet particles being boiled off the object, then return those specimens back to Earth in 2006.

Shakedown cruise

Engineers and scientists said the flyby was successful and Stardust is in excellent shape.

"The flyby was super by all reports," said Benton Clark, Stardust program scientist for Lockheed Martin Astronautics in Denver, Colorado. The company designed, built, operates and will recover the sample-return capsule.

"The navigation was dead-on...extremely good. The spacecraft performance has been superb," Clark told SPACE.com.

"Its a wonderful feeling to have this flyby behind us now. Everything worked well," said Donald Brownlee, the missions principle investigator and a University of Washington astronomy professor in Seattle.

"Its a milestone. What is thrilling is that weve done everything that we have to do. The shakedown cruise is behind us. Of course, now its on to the comet flyby and the Earth return," Brownlee said.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California manages the Stardust spacecraft for NASA -- one of the series of Discovery-class missions.

Lunar look-see

As Stardust slipped away from Earth, the craft was commanded to take some 25 images of the Moon. The pictures are not meant to yield any science value.

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Rather, the lunar look-see by Stardust will help engineers better determine the degree to which the probes navigation camera remains fogged. Earlier in the mission, gasses eking from Stardust condensed on parts of the camera, degrading the quality of the images.

Brownlee said, however, that a combination of Stardust maneuvers and onboard heaters have substantially cleared up the cameras clouded optics. The new pictures of the Moon should help gauge how the device is doing given its warm-up exercises.

Secrets of the solar system

While the desk-sized Stardust used Earth to slingshot its way toward its comet prey, astronomers from California, Hawaii and Australia were reported to have made successful observations of the fleeting craft.

The gravity boost lengthens the spacecrafts solar orbit to about two and a half years from the current two years. That sets up Stardust for its rendezvous with P/Wild 2 in January 2004.

Stardusts mission hasnt been all trouble-free.

One heart-stopping moment for the Stardust team came last November. The craft was rocked by photons from a solar flare some 100,000 times larger than normal. That bombardment put Stardust into safe mode, with its solar panels pointed toward the Sun. Eventually, ground controllers were able to regain full operation of the probe.

Stardust is the first U.S. mission dedicated solely to a comet and will be the first to return extraterrestrial material from outside the orbit of the Moon.

Comet samples returned to Earth in January 2006 are expected to unlock secrets about the earliest history of our solar system.

 

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