WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Like gluttons whose hunger increases with age, some older stars similar to our own sun gobble up giant planets and other celestial bodies orbiting nearby, scientists reported on Thursday.
The tell-tale signs of stellar binging include bloating, lots of infrared light, a fast spin and traces of the element lithium, which is normally destroyed inside stars, researchers at the Space Telescope Science Institute said.
Our own sun will not get this hungry for 5 billion years or so, but astronomer Mario Livio found that as many as 100 million sun-like stars in the Milky Way galaxy have close-in gassy giant planets like Jupiter or failed stars called brown dwarfs orbiting around them.
These planets and failed stars are likely to be devoured by the stars as they age.
As they age, stars like the sun expand into so-called red giants, engulfing any planets with close-in orbits. If these planets are as massive as Jupiter, they will make the gobbling star bigger and brighter as it absorbs the big planet's gravitational pull, Livio said in a statement.
Livio did not see any stars actually eating -- the planets were already being digested -- but observed the aftermath, which showed the stars heating up and blowing off expanding shells of dust, which radiate a lot of infrared light.
The stars also spun around faster after absorbing the planets, having taken in the orbiting companion's angular momentum. Big planets like Jupiter carry most of a stellar system's angular momentum, the statement said.
Livio also found evidence of the chemical lithium in the stars, which he theorised came from a newly devoured Jupiter-type planet.
Our sun will not follow this path, simply because our solar system's gassy planets like Jupiter have orbits too far away from the sun to be engulfed this way.
But new studies about possible planets outside our solar system show that gas giants can orbit close to sun-like stars.
These planets, the statement said, ``are doomed to be eventually swallowed and incinerated.''