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Like Our Sun, Star Harbors Planet and Dust
posted: 07:05 am ET 17 October 2000
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star_dust_001016 Astronomers have discovered a pancake-like disk of dust circling a not-so-distant star that resembles our Sun and also is known to harbor a planet in an Earth-like orbit.Scientists previously have found at least one other star circled by both a planet and a dust disk, leading scientists to suggest the combination may be relatively common among stars like our Sun. The systems could help scientists explain how planetary systems form.
Dust disk around the star iota Horologii. The image shows a bright, diffuse dust disk around the star, Iota Horologii, which is masked so that most of its light is not visible. The data for the image came from the European Southern Observatory's ADONIS instrument. Copycat system? Last year, Iota Horologii was found to have a planet, which was named Iota Hor b. It was the first exoplanet discovered in an almost Earth-like orbit. The star, barely visible to the naked eye, has a mass 1.03 times that of our Sun and is located 56 light-years from Earth. The system sits in the southern constellation Horologium, also known as the Pendulum Clock.If Iota Hor b were in our solar system, its path would be just beyond the orbit of Venus. It has an orbital period of 320 days -- a few weeks shy of an Earth year. Earth and Iota Hor b likely have another thing in common, scientists say -- a zodiacal light. Like the newly discovered system, our own solar system also contains dust, which extends out beyond Pluto. When the dust scatters sunlight, it creates a cone of faint light extending above the western horizon soon after sunset or the eastern horizon just before sunrise. But you probably could not stand on Iota Hor b to watch the light show. Scientists say its composition is probably more similar to Jupiter, meaning it is mostly gas. The distant planet is much larger than Earth, with a mass 2.26 times Jupiter's mass.Dust to planets? Disks of gas and dust, known as protoplanetary disks, are thought to be the seeds of planet formation. Our own solar system developed when gas and dust leftover from the birth of the sun gathered together to form protoplanets and smaller objects, like asteroids and comets. Over time the objects collided, gathered up more gas and dust, and developed into planets. Researchers are not yet certain to what extent the process occurs around other stars, which makes discoveries like this significant. So far, scientists don't agree exactly how the presence of giant planets, like Iota Hor b, influence solar system formation. Other studies in recent years have suggested that disks of gas and dust tend to dissipate around other stars in a time frame and manner similar to what happened in our own solar system. Researchers suspect that planets may be developing around other stars in a process much like they did around our Sun. Future observations of the Iota Horologii system are expected to reveal the temperature, sizes and chemical composition of the dust grains in the disk.
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