First Steps: Explorer 1
Credit: NASA/JPL

 
There have been many since, but the launch of Explorer 1 on Jan. 31 in 1958 marked NASA's first foray into space exploration. The small satellite lifted off atop a Juno 1 rocket and operated in orbit for 100 days to study cosmic rays in a region that was later known as the Van Allen radiation belt.
Number 9: First American in Space: Freedom 7
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