Sometimes you have to combine telescopes to get a better picture of complex things in space. This view of the remnant of an exploded star was made combining observations from the Chandra X-ray Observatory and an infrared view from the Palomar Observatory.

The image was presented this week at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Denver.

The X-rays are blue and the infrared observations are red and green. The supernova remnant is named W49B. It has created a barrel-shaped nebula consisting of bright infrared rings around a glowing bar of intense X-radiation along the axis. The X-rays in the bar are produced by superheated gas rich in iron and nickel ions. At the ends of the barrel, the X-ray emission flares out to make a hot cap.

The X-ray cap is surrounded by a flattened cloud of hydrogen molecules detected in the infrared. These features indicate that jets of hot gas produced in the supernova have encountered a large, dense cloud of gas and dust.

Here's what scientists think created the scene:

A massive star formed from a dense cloud of dust and gas, shone brightly for a few million years while spinning off rings of gas and pushing them away to form a nearly empty cavity around the star. The star then exhausted its nuclear fuel and its core collapsed to form a black hole. Much of the gas around the black hole was pulled into it, but some, including material rich in iron and nickel was flung away in oppositely directed jets of gas traveling near the speed of light. When the jet hit the dense cloud surrounding the star, it flared out and drove a shock wave into the cloud.

An observer aligned with one these jets would have seen a burst of gamma-rays, a blinding flash in which the concentrated power equals that of ten quadrillion Suns for a minute or so. Gamma rays are higher-energy emissions than X-rays.

The view perpendicular to the jets would be a less astonishing, although nonetheless a spectacular supernova explosion, astronomers said. For W49B, the jet is tilted out of the plane of the sky by about 20 degrees, but the remains of the jet are visible as a hot X-ray emitting bar of gas.

All that happened long ago, however. And that's important, because W49B is relatively nearby, about 35,000 light-years away. The nearest known gamma-ray burst actually observed is several million light years away, and most are billions of light years distant.

If confirmed, the discovery of a relatively nearby remnant of a gamma-ray burst would give scientists an excellent opportunity to study the aftermath of one of nature’s most violent explosions.

-- SPACE.com Staff

Credit: NASA/CXC/SSC/J. Keohane et al.