Teams Compete to Build Upper Stage of NASA’s Ares I Rocket
WASHINGTON - The competition is on for two aerospace industry teams vying for the contract to build part of NASA's next astronaut-launching rocket.
Boeing unveiled its team March 28 in the competition to build upper stages for NASA's planned Ares I crew launcher, a program that represents the company's last chance for the next several years to win a major hardware-building role in the emerging U.S. human space exploration program.
Bids are due April 13 for the estimated $900 million contract, scheduled for award late this summer, to produce the hardware based on NASA specifications. The competition pits Boeing's team, which includes Northrop Grumman, against one led by Alliant Techsystems.
"We intend to have the upper stage award by late August," Steve Cook, NASA's director of exploration launch projects at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, said in a telephone interview.
The Ares I upper stage contract will be followed by one other award to build the rocket's avionics system as NASA works towards the first test flight, dubbed Ares I-X, in April 2009.
"Two of our main objectives for the calendar year are to complete those two acquisitions," Cook said.
Boeing weighs in
Boeing built NASA's fleet of space shuttles and is prime contractor on the international space station. But the company has yet to land a big piece of Project Constellation, which encompasses the hardware NASA will use to ferry astronauts and associated cargo to low Earth orbit starting in 2015, and to the Moon by 2020.
"It's very important for Boeing to be a part of Constellation, we've been part of human spaceflight since the beginning," John Elbon, vice president for Boeing's Constellation program, in a telephone interview. "Constellation is the next chapter in NASA's story."
In August, a Boeing-Northrop Grumman team lost out to Lockheed Martin Space Systems of Denver in the competition for Project Constellation's biggest plum so far, the $4 billion Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) contract. Orion capsules will be launched by the Ares I expendable rocket, whose main stage is being developed by Alliant Techsystems Launch Systems Group based on the space shuttle solid-rocket motors that the company builds.
"We were of course disappointed that we were unsuccessful with our teammate Northrop Grumman in winning CEV," Elbon said, adding that the Ares I upper stage is NASA's last major exploration procurement in the near-future. "After that there won't be procurements for three, four or five years."
Boeing and Northrop Grumman billed themselves as a team of equals in the Orion competition. For the Ares I upper-stage work, Boeing is clearly the team leader, with Los Angeles-based Northrop Grumman identified as a supplier responsible for producing the composite interstage hardware.
"We are the low-risk offer as everyone on this team has the experience in the jobs we're going to do on Ares I, so we're keeping the risk to NASA low and we think we have a very competitive offer," Jim Chilton, vice president of Boeing Exploration Launch Systems, Huntsville, Ala., said. "Our team was built around NASA's requirements."
The other members of Boeing's team are: Hamilton Sundstrand, Windsor Locks, Conn.; Moog, East Aurora, N.Y.; Orion Propulsion Inc., Madison, Ala.; SUMMA Technology Inc., Huntsville; Chickasaw Nation Industries, Ada, Okla.; United Launch Alliance, Denver; and United Space Alliance, Houston. United Launch Alliance and United Space Alliance are Boeing-Lockheed Martin joint ventures that operate expendable rockets and the space shuttle, respectively. In its press release, Boeing described Chickasaw Nation Industries as "a tribally-owned small business" that specializes in logistics support and inventory control.
Team Ares
Alliant Techsystems' competing team, unveiled in September, includes Lockheed Martin and Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne of Canoga Park, Calif., which is under contract to produce the Ares 1's upper-stage engine, the J2-X.
NASA expects to award the upper-stage production contract in August. The rocket's avionics system is being acquired separately, with a request for bids due out this spring, to be followed by a contract award late this year.
Chilton told reporters during a March 28 conference call that the company decided to hold off finalizing its team membership until after NASA had released the final solicitation for the upper-stage work, which occurred Feb. 23.
In contrast to the Orion program, NASA is not asking industry to propose designs for the upper stage. Instead, the agency is seeking only plans for how the bidders would manufacture the NASA-designed hardware reliably and affordably.
"This is not NASA buying a designer. NASA is actually the designer," Chilton said. "We chose to wait to make sure we built our team around NASA's requirements."
Among those requirements is concentrating the engineering work force in Huntsville to work alongside NASA's civil servant-led design team at Marshall Space Flight Center, and using the Michoud Assembly Facility outside New Orleans for final assembly of the flight hardware.
Another requirement handed down by NASA is that the winning contractor share nearly a fifth of the work with businesses classified as small or disadvantaged.
"This work statement is a natural for small business," Chilton told reporters.
The Alliant TechSystems team also includes small businesses, including some of the same ones on Boeing's roster, said Ron Dittemore, president of Alliant's Launch Systems Group of Promontory, Utah.
"Many of those that you heard today in [Boeing's] announcement are merchant suppliers that will provide their services and products to both teams just as a matter of course, whether they are small disadvantaged businesses or whether they are somebody like Hamilton Sundstrand or Moog who are known in the industry for their products and will be suppliers to both teams," Dittemore said in a March 28 interview.
Looking ahead
The Ares I upper-stage production contract is the biggest award remaining under Project Constellation for the next few years. NASA does not anticipate awarding contracts for Ares V, the heavy-lift vehicle that will be needed to loft cargo in support of astronaut lunar landings, until sometime after 2010.
Cook and his team have drawn up plans to reserve space at NASA's New Orleans-based Michoud Assembly Facility, where the agency's shuttle fuel tanks are constructed, for use on Ares boosters, with the Ares I preliminary design review to be completed by the end of summer.
While the first Ares I test flight, Ares I-X, will carry a simulated upper stage, the subsequent Ares I-Y flight test will feature a full-up version lacking only its J-2X engine, Cook said. Orbital test flights are expected to then follow, he added.
NASA intends to order two upper stages per year during the early years of the Ares program, and has asked the contractor teams to show how they would ramp up to support a production rate of six per year.
Chilton said the contract could be worth as much as $900 million initially, and potentially much more over the long run. "This could be in production for a long time," he said. "This is how the United States is going to put people into space."
SPACE.com staff writer Tariq Malik contributed to this story from New York City.
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