Mars Watch: Complete Viewing Guide
On Aug. 27 at 5:51 a.m. ET (1051 GMT) Mars was less than 34.65 million miles (55.76 million kilometers) away -- closer than it's been in 59,619 years. The show continues as Mars remains enticing through October, 2003.
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Finding the Red Planet
The Roman God of War is still easy to spot. It is an unmistakable beacon of the evening sky. It is up in the southeast as darkness falls, rises high in the south by late evening, and sets well after midnight. [Maps]
What You'll See
The planet usually appears orange or slightly red, though sometimes -- depending conditions in Earth's atmosphere -- it can look yellowish.
Mars brightness peaked in August at magnitude -2.9. On this astronomers' scale, larger numbers mean dimmer objects. Negative numbers are reserved for the brightest objects.
At the beginning of October, Mars will still glimmer at magnitude -2.04, still brighter than all stars, and at the end of the month it will be at -1.16, remaining easy to find.
Telescopes and photography
To the naked eye, Mars is a point of light, like a bright star. To see surface features, you'll need a telescope with a lens at least 70mm in diameter for the refractor type, or 4.25 inches for a reflector. [Telescope buying guide]
Middle-of-the-night observations are best, because Mars is at its highest in our sky, and so its light cuts through less atmosphere and arrives less distorted. Digital cameras can be used to make photographs, even by hand-holding them to a telescope eyepiece. [Photo Tips]
-- Robert Roy Britt contributed to this text
Mars Maps created with Starry Night software ... click to enlarge
At Night: Mars
as of about 9 p.m. in mid-October from mid-northern latitudes. Earlier in
the month it is lower and toward the southeast (left) at the same time of
night. Later in the month it is higher and more due south. |
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From above:
Two panels show where Mars and Earth were in November 2002 and how close
they were be in late August 2003. Arrows show direction of orbits, as
seen from above the solar system. |
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Viewing Charts
IMPORTANT NOTE: These charts have been in place since November 2002. They do not extend beyond Aug. 27, 2003. See the information and maps near the top of this page for current information.
The maps above are all most people need to find Mars. But for all the details, and to look ahead, see the exclusive tables below. First, some important explanation of the tables:
In the Table 1, we provide a viewing schedule for Mars from early November 2002 through late August 2003, tailored for Northern Hemisphere sky watchers. (Southern Hemisphere: Read the column descriptions below, then skip to Table 2)
Column 1 lists the dates, given at roughly two-week intervals.
Column 2 provides the distance from Mars to the Earth, given in units of millions of miles and millions of kilometers.
Column 3 gives the magnitude of Mars. Remember that the lower the magnitude, the brighter Mars will appear. You can try to gauge how bright Mars will appear in the coming months by comparing its magnitude on a specific date against a star of similar brightness. For example: on February 5, Mars will be equal in brightness to the star Fomalhaut in Piscis Austrinus. By March 3 it will be similar both in brightness and color to the star Aldebaran, in Taurus. By May 1 Mars will be glowing as brightly as Vega, in Lyra. Thereafter, Mars will increasing in brilliance at a dramatic rate, doubling in brightness every 31 days. By the end of June, it will be equal Sirius in Canis Major (the brightest of all stars) and on July 16, Mars will even surpass Jupiter, moving into second place in brightness among the naked eye planets, a ranking that Mars will be maintain into early October 2003. Only Venus gets brighter.
Column 4 designates the constellation that Mars is located in.
Column 5 gives the time that Mars will rise.
Column 6 gives the time that Mars will reach its highest point in the sky and is due south. These times have been calculated for latitude 40? north, 0? longitude. Notice that it will not be until the end of June that Mars will finally reach its highest point in the sky (due south) before sunrise. By the end of August, however, it will be rising at sunset, reaching its highest point in the middle of the night and setting at sunrise.
An asterisk (*) has been included to those times for localities which observe daylight saving time (DST).
IMPORTANT: To convert the listed time from civil to your own standard (clock) time, the following additional corrections must be made:
FOR LONGITUDE: All times are given in civil or local mean time (LMT), which differs from ordinary clock time by many minutes at most locations. Most civil time zones worldwide have been standardized on particular longitudes at increments of 15?. As an example, across Europe, 0? (the Greenwich Meridian); 15? east; 30? east, etc. Across North America, there is 60? west (Atlantic Time), 75? west (Eastern Time), 90? west (Central Time), etc. If your longitude is very close to one of the standard meridians, luck is with you and your correction is zero.
To get local standard time, add four minutes to the times listed for each degree of longitude that you are west of your time zone meridian. Or subtract four minutes for each degree you are east of it.
FOR LATITUDE: For every degree you are north of latitude 40?, add one minute through the balance of 2002. During 2003, add three minutes. For every degree you are south of latitude 40?, subtract one minute through the balance of 2002. During 2003, subtract two minutes.
EXAMPLE: When will Mars rise for Minneapolis, Minnesota on July 29? The LMT for Mars rise is 10:11 p.m. Minneapolis observes daylight saving time and is located at longitude 93.3? west, latitude 45? north. Correction for longitude: 3.3 x 4 = 13.2 (round off to 13). Minneapolis is west of 90?, so you would add 13 minutes to 10:11 p.m., giving 10:24 p.m. Correction for latitude: Minneapolis is 5? north of latitude 40?, so 5 x 3 =15. Add 15 minutes to 10:24 p.m., giving 10:39 p.m. Central Daylight Time.
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TABLE 1:
MARS VIEWING CIRCUMSTANCES - Northern Hemisphere
For late 2002 through August 2003
| Date | Distance | Magnitude | Constellation | Rises | Due South |
|
November 8 |
225.70/363.15 |
+1.8 |
Virgo |
4:01 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
November 22 |
218.07/348.91 |
+1.7 |
Virgo |
3:52 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
December 6 |
209.06/336.38 |
+1.7 |
Virgo |
3:42 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
December 20 |
199.58/319.33 |
+1.6 |
Libra |
3:33 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
January 4, 2003 |
188.24/302.88 |
+1.5 |
Libra |
3:23 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
January 18 |
177.27/283.63 |
+1.4 |
Libra |
3:14 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
February 5 |
162.20/260.98 |
+1.2 |
Ophiuchus |
3:00 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
February 19 |
150.59/240.94 |
+1.1 |
Ophiuchus |
2:49 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
March 3 |
140.18/225.55 |
+0.9 |
Sagittarius |
2:37 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
March 17 |
128.46/205.54 |
+0.7 |
Sagittarius |
2:18 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
April 2 |
114.89/184.86 |
+0.5 |
Sagittarius |
1:58 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
April 16 |
103.74/165.98 |
+0.3 |
Sagittarius |
2:36 a.m.* |
After sunrise |
|
May 1 |
91.93/147.92 |
0.0 |
Capricornus |
2:09 a.m.* |
After sunrise |
|
May 15 |
81.80/130.88 |
-0.3 |
Capricornus |
1:40 a.m.* |
After sunrise |
|
May 31 |
70.55/113.51 |
-0.7 |
Capricornus |
1:05 a.m.* |
After sunrise |
|
June 14 |
61.91/99.06 |
-1.0 |
Aquarius |
12:28 a.m.* |
After sunrise |
|
June 30 |
52.61/84.65 |
-1.4 |
Aquarius |
11:45 p.m.* |
5:01 a.m.* |
|
July 14 |
45.83/73.33 |
-1.8 |
Aquarius |
11:02 p.m.* |
4:22 a.m.* |
|
July 29 |
39.79/64.02 |
-2.3 |
Aquarius |
10:11 p.m.* |
3:30 a.m.* |
|
August 12 |
36.16/57.86 |
-2.6 |
Aquarius |
9:15 p.m.* |
2:31 a.m.* |
|
August 27 |
34.67/55.78 |
-2.9 |
Aquarius |
8:08 p.m.* |
1:19 a.m.* |
Southern Hemisphere
For those living in the Southern Hemisphere, use the data listed in Table 2, below. These times are calculated for an observer at 20? south latitude, 0? longitude. When making time corrections for other southern locations, just follow the basic rules for longitude listed above.
For latitude, for every degree you are north of latitude 20? south, add one minute through the balance of 2002. During 2003, add two minutes through May 1; one minute thereafter. For every degree you are south of latitude 20? south, subtract one minute through the balance of 2002. During 2003, subtract two minutes through May 31; one minute thereafter.
Unlike in Table 1, no allowance has been given in Table 2 for daylight time (check with local jurisdictions).
Also, take note that the listing for Column 6 has been changed from "Due South" to "Highest" because as seen from many Southern Hemisphere localities, Mars' highest point in the sky will either be due north, or it will pass directly overhead.
As an example, on August 27, when Mars arrives at its closest point to Earth, it will be blazing directly overhead (or very nearly so) for all those living near and along latitude 15.6? south. Cities that will be treated to this unusual spectacle include La Paz, Bolivia; Brasilia, Brazil; Lusaka, Zambia, and Cairns, Australia.
TABLE 2: MARS VIEWING CIRCUMSTANCES - Southern Hemisphere
| Date | Distance | Magnitude | Constellation | Rises | Highest |
|
November 8 |
225.70/363.15 |
+1.8 |
Virgo |
3:38 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
November 22 |
218.07/348.91 |
+1.7 |
Virgo |
3:11 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
December 6 |
209.06/336.38 |
+1.7 |
Virgo |
2:45 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
December 20 |
199.58/319.33 |
+1.6 |
Libra |
2:20 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
January 4, 2003 |
188.24/302.88 |
+1.5 |
Libra |
1:55 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
January 18 |
177.27/283.63 |
+1.4 |
Libra |
1:33 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
February 5 |
162.20/260.98 |
+1.2 |
Ophiuchus |
1:07 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
February 19 |
150.59/240.94 |
+1.1 |
Ophiuchus |
12:49 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
March 3 |
140.18/225.55 |
+0.9 |
Sagittarius |
12:34 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
March 17 |
128.46/205.54 |
+0.7 |
Sagittarius |
12:17 a.m. |
After sunrise |
|
April 2 |
114.89/184.86 |
+0.5 |
Sagittarius |
11:58 p.m. |
After sunrise |
|
April 16 |
103.74/165.98 |
+0.3 |
Sagittarius |
11:42 p.m. |
After sunrise |
|
May 1 |
91.93/147.92 |
0.0 |
Capricornus |
11:23 p.m. |
5:58 a.m. |
|
May 15 |
81.80/130.88 |
-0.3 |
Capricornus |
11:04 p.m. |
5:36 a.m. |
|
May 31 |
70.55/113.51 |
-0.7 |
Capricornus |
10:40 p.m. |
5:08 a.m. |
|
June 14 |
61.91/99.06 |
-1.0 |
Aquarius |
10:13 p.m. |
4:40 a.m. |
|
June 30 |
52.61/84.65 |
-1.4 |
Aquarius |
9:38 p.m. |
4:03 a.m. |
|
July 14 |
45.83/73.33 |
-1.8 |
Aquarius |
8:58 p.m. |
3:22 a.m. |
|
July 29 |
39.79/64.02 |
-2.3 |
Aquarius |
8:07 p.m. |
2:31 a.m. |
|
August 12 |
36.16/57.86 |
-2.6 |
Aquarius |
7:04 p.m. |
1:31 a.m. |
|
August 27 |
34.67/55.78 |
-2.9 |
Aquarius |
5:52 p.m. |
12:21 a.m. |
Joe Rao serves as an instructor and guest lecturer at New York's Hayden Planetarium. He writes about astronomy for The New York Times and other publications, and he is also an on-camera meteorologist for News 12 Westchester, New York.
| Magnitude |
|
Magnitude is the standard by which astronomers measure the apparent brightness of objects that appear in the sky. The lower the number, the brighter the object. The brightest stars in the sky are categorized as zero or first magnitude. Negative magnitudes are reserved for the most brilliant objects: the brightest star is Sirius (-1.4); the full Moon is -12.7; the Sun is -26.7. The faintest stars visible under dark skies are around +6. |
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