5 Facts About NASA's Far-Flung Voyager Spacecraft

Artist's concept of NASA's Voyager spacecraft. CREDIT: NASA/JPL-Caltech View full size image

NASA's twin Voyager probes were launched in the late 1970s to explore the outer planets in our solar system. But now, nearly 34 years later, the two spacecraft are on their way out of our cosmic neighborhood, knocking on the door of interstellar space.

The spacecraft, called Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, were built by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., which continues to operate both. Here are five facts about the two Voyager probes, the longest continuously operating spacecraft in deep space:

1. They're marathon runners

Voyager 2 launched on Aug. 20, 1977, and Voyager 1 launched about two weeks later, on Sept. 5. Since then, the spacecraft have been traveling along different flight paths and at different speeds.

Now about 10.8 billion miles (17.4 billion kilometers) from the sun and hurtling toward interstellar space, Voyager 1 is the farthest human-made object from Earth. Voyager 2 is about 8.8 billion miles (14.2 billion km) from the sun. [NASA's 10 Greatest Science Missions]

2. It takes a while to get ahold of them

Both spacecraft are still sending scientific information about their surroundings through NASA's Deep Space Network. A signal from the ground, traveling at the speed of light, takes about 13 hours one way to reach Voyager 2, and 16 hours to reach Voyager 1.

3. They started out on a grand planetary tour

The primary five-year mission of the Voyagers included the close-up exploration of Jupiter and Saturn, Saturn's rings and the larger moons of the two planets. The mission was extended after a succession of discoveries. [The Solar System Explained: From the Inside Out]

Between them, the two spacecraft have explored all the giant outer planets of our solar system -- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune -- as well as 49 moons, and the systems of rings and magnetic fields those planets possess.

The current mission, the Voyager Interstellar Mission, was planned to explore the outermost edge of our solar system and eventually leave our sun's sphere of influence to enter interstellar space -- the space between the stars.

4. They're carrying messages to aliens

Both Voyager spacecraft carry recorded messages from Earth on golden phonograph records -- 12-inch, gold-plated copper disks. A committee chaired by the late astronomer Carl Sagan selected the contents of the records for NASA.

The records are cultural time capsules that the Voyagers bear with them to other star systems. They contain images and natural sounds, spoken greetings in 55 languages and musical selections from different cultures and eras.

5. The Voyagers are blazing new trails

Voyager 1 has reached a distant point at the edge of our solar system, where the outward motion of solar wind ceases. The event is the latest milestone in Voyager 1's passage through the heliosheath, the outer shell of the sun's sphere of influence, before entering interstellar space. Interstellar space begins at the heliopause, and scientists estimate Voyager 1 will cross this frontier within the next five years.

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